Dr. Doctor

Dear Doctor, Yesterday, during lunch, my best friend and I were discussing sexually transmitted diseases and we got into quite a brawl about some of the myths and facts of them. It seemed like the only statement we both agreed on was that the topic about sexually transmitted diseases (and how each are transmitted and statistics) should be taught in school, just how biological information and abstinence are being educated. With that being said, I have quite a few questions to ask you. Is it still possible to get a sexually transmitted disease if you are abstinent?If a person is infected with a sexually transmitted disease, can you tell by their appearance? Is there a higher chance that you will be infected by a sexually transmitted disease if you’re in your teen years? Can STDS only spread through semen and blood? If a woman is on birth control, does that prevent her from obtaining an STD as well? Can you, in fact, catch an STD from a toilet seat? And lastly, once you have a se xually transmitted disease, there’s no chance of becoming infected again, right?These were a bunch of questions that seemed to be left unanswered yesterday and I was wondering if you might be able to clarify them for me as well as every other reader out there. Thank you Doctor. Sincerely, Confused reader. Dear â€Å"Confused reader†, I do appreciate taking time to write to me about your questions and I also agree with you that the educational system should do more to inform the youth about sexually transmitted diseases before it may be too late. Also, as for your questions.. Yes, there is still a chance that one might become infected with a sexually transmitted disease while remaining abstinent. Abstinence does not preventAIDS, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C infections that come from nonsexual activities like using contaminated needles for doing drugs, unsterilized tattooing, or even taking steroids. You have no way of knowing if a person has a sexually transmitted disea se just by looking at their appearance and observing how ‘clean’ they are. Even doctors often can’t tell by looking if people have STDs; that’s why tests involving a patient’s blood work were made. Most STDs have very few signs or no signs at all. Only in really extreme cases of certain STDs could a person detect signs of an STD in the groin area; but don’t rely on it.It’s even possible to carry and spread the virus without ever having an outbreak. The truth is, about one in four sexually experienced teens become infected with an STD. Unfortunately, you are correct on this one. Statistics show that two-thirds of sexually transmitted diseases occur in people who are under twenty- five and one in four girls between the ages of fourteen and nineteen were determined to have at least one of four sexually transmitted diseases (Human Papillomavirus [HPV], Chlamydia, Herpes Simplex Virus, and Trichomoniasis. ).Young people (ages from 15- 24) h ave five times the reported rate of Chlamydia of the total population, four times the reported rate of Gonorrhea, and three times the rate of Syphilis. While semen and blood can spread some sexually transmitted diseases, some STDs like herpes and syphilis can be spread by skin on skin contact. For example, when herpes flares up, an active sore appears on the person’s body and if this sore comes into contact with another person’s skin (or moist areas like the mouth, throat, and also areas with cuts and/ or rashes), it can spread.However, it can also spread before the blisters actually form. I’ve actually heard these two myths before and never understood how they came about. The birth control pill has the potential to prevent one thing, the prevention of pregnancy from occurring. It holds no protection against sexually transmitted diseases. As for the myth about being able to get a sexually transmitted disease from a toilet seat, organisms cannot survive outside o f the human body for a long period of time. Some STDs are yours for life, like herpes and HIV.Others, like Chlamydia and Gonorrhea, can be treated; but you more likely to get infected again, since you are now vulnerable to the disease if you have sexual contact with someone who has them. In young girls, the second time you have Chlamydia, there’s more damage to your reproductive tract, which may cause permanent infertility. I expect that you read everything that I have written and have more of an understanding on sexually transmitted diseases. Remember: No sex is always better than safe sex. Sincerely always, The Doctor.

Vampirism in the Fall of the House of Usher

Bethany Risinger English 2341. 02 Dr. Watson September 20, 2011 Vampirism in â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† The theme of vampirism occurs several times throughout â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† written by Edgar Allen Poe. He shows this theme through many actions of the characters and his use of diction. The three main paths of discovering the vampire theme is to closely examine three important instruments within the story. The three instruments used include Roderick Usher, Madeline Usher, and the House that the two live in.Roderick Usher is used by Poe to demonstrate the vampire theme in two ways. In the launch of the short story, Roderick is described with both physical and mental strangeness. His physical being is characterized as â€Å"terribly altered† (152), having a Hebrew nose, and with a ghoulish color of skin. These descriptions do not give an array of a normal human being. Edgar Allen Poe even writes that the narrator â€Å"couldn’ t connect it’s arabesque expression with any idea of simple humanity† (152). There is obviously something wrong with Roderick physically to where he did not look like a human.These physical alterations are symbolisms for a vampire figure. Hebrew noses are known to be rather large and pointed downward, giving us the imagery of Dracula, a widely known vampire, who is described as ghoulish looking and with a long, pointed nose. This facial feature, along with the pale albino-like skin color can give us the mental image of a vampire. Although Roderick’s physical features are important examples of the vampire theme, his mental unstableness is of more importance to this theme.His thoughts and views of things that happen make the idea of vampirism more evident. Roderick mentions that there is an extreme sense of terror and superstition apparent in the house, in the events that were happening, and in ones soon to happen. He is filled with hysteria along with nervous agit ation and a mental disorder. When Roderick mentions that â€Å"sooner or later (he will) abandon life and reason all together† (153), he suggests that his life will soon come to an end.His life coming to an end could mean that he will die, but looking through the vampire lens, it could mean that he would soon become immortal (abandoning reason). Madeline Usher, Roderick’s sister, is a very important example of the vampire theme in this story as well. Although she is seldom seen, only 3 times, she is a very important part of the plot and of the vampire theme in â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher. † Throughout the story she is secretly referred to as the terror described by Roderick and the narrator.When the narrator watches Madeline disappear in her retreat, he is filled with a state of mental numbness, hinting that she was a terrorizing scene. Ironically, the period of the most vampiristic quality is when Madeline dies. When she dies, the two men, Roderick and the narrator, put her in a coffin and then in a locked away donjon (dungeon). The importance of this part, is that the two guys not only put her in the coffin, but they screw the lid on and lock the large door to the tomb as if to keep her from escaping.If she were dead, she wouldn’t try to escape, so why bolt everything up? Only if they were burying the undead (hint) would they feel the need to secure everything to where she could not get out. Another way that Madeline is an example of vampirism is when she comes back alive, which we later find out she was never dead, she escapes the coffin and tomb and comes forth to the two men and she â€Å"bore him (Roderick) to the floor a corpse, and a victim to the terrors he had anticipated† (161).In the vampiristic view of this particular scene, it could be suggested that the terrors Roderick spoke of were of Madeline being a vampire and of her hunt to make himself a vampire as well. This might be the reason that Roderick in vites his friend, the narrator, to come visit. Roderick probably thought that they two could defeat Madeline and overcome the terror that would ultimately consume Roderick. One last validation that makes â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† have a vampiristic theme is the fact that the house itself has a vampire feel to it as well.The structure is defined as gothic, large, and lofty. When images of a vampire-inhabited house, one thinks of a large, dark, spooky place. Not only does the house have an appearance of a vampire, it has the power to suck the life out of people as well (metaphorically speaking). At the very beginning when the author is first describing the house, he already has a sense of uneasiness about himself. He states that there is a â€Å"utter depression of the soul† (149) and does not feel at ease anymore.After entering the house and staying with Roderick for a few days, it becomes apparent that the narrator is getting more and more apprehension to t he house and its inhabitants. Staying in the house with Roderick affected his mental awareness to a lot of things. He begins to hear the same noises that Roderick has head and becomes very engulfed with terror, just as his friend Roderick is. The house is a symbol for vampirism because it sucks the normality of the narrator’s thoughts and feelings out and inserted those of Roderick’s.The vampiristic theme in â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† is a very easy one to pick out, one just has to read the story in a different way than before. To a person reading it plainly, they might not catch the little things that could hint to vampirism. For example, the blood-red moon described at the end could just be the color or the moon on a random night, but for a person reading the story in a vampiristic viewpoint, they can see that blood-red includes the word â€Å"blood† which is the main focuses in vampirism. Vampires suck blood.

Changing Roles Of Nurses Nursing Essay

Changing Roles Of Nurses Nursing Essay The role of nurses has grown considerably in the last decade in accordance with the rapid changes in technology, as well as political and socio-economic developments. The perioperative practitioners play a significant part in this all nursing profession. However, the role of perioperative nurses considerably changes in the operating theater for a variety of reasons. For instance, the diverse regulations and rules clearly explain the role of these nurses in the operating room. In addition, from the viewpoint of legal, moral, and professional perspective, the role of nursing within the perioperative landscape has come many challenges. The changing environment dealing with professional accountability and its effect on the scope of nursing practice has emerged. According to Boss (2002), the changes in the nursing roles over the years have been influenced by several guiding codes; Code of Professional Conduct (UKCC 1992) and Code of Professional Conduct. These changes include the whole a rena of developing roles in perioperative nursing which include working as advanced scrub practitioner (ASP). Dowling (1996) explains that these new functions of nurses deal with principles like meeting the needs of patients, giving an all rounded, complete care as well as developing needed skills. In addition, responsibility and accountability are essential skills are required in this field. Nurses who serve as ASP have several issues to content with such as independence, professional accountability, and duty to care in addition to legal issues. Of late, nursing has developed into all the functional activities which arose as a result of the technological, socio-economical and political changes. The ASP is part of all this nursing activities since their roles always vary for several reasons in the operating theater. For instance, different regulations and rules always define the roles of the ASP nurses who operate within the theatre are generated differently. In the ethical, legal a nd professional perspectives, the ASP preoperative environments have many new challenges which must be addressed on a daily basis. The ever changing boundaries of professional responsibilities and their influence on the practice have emerged. The clinical and practice influence has influenced the academic, professional and academic development of the Scrub Theatre practitioners. The Advanced Theatre Scrub Practitioners are personally accountable for their practice and must always work in a cooperative and collaborative manner with the healthcare professionals and other people who are involved in provision of care, respect and recognize their contributions to the care team. For the Advanced Theatre Scrub Practitioners to be successful in their careers, they must be effective and always work towards achieving a certain goal. The Advanced Theatre Scrub Practitioners provide the nursing care to the patients in a perioperative environment and they also deal with the technical and instrum entation equipment that will be used during the whole process. Emotional labor is always very crucial for both the nurses and the ASP and it ahs been established to be very important in the nursing profession. In the Operating theatre, the ASP have to consider two major areas in their work which include one, to keep the surgeon dealing with the patient happy and the second, not to upset the surgeons. The second point is a big reminder that if the ASP can make the Surgeon jovial and happy, then they will be very sure that they will not upset the surgeons. It is highly recommended that the ASP maintains the emotional labor with the co-employees rather than the patients.

What did Gospel mean in Paul's world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What did Gospel mean in Paul's world - Essay Example He has done the impossible. He has turned shame into glory and glory into shame. His is the folly that outsmarts the wise, the weakness that overpowers the strong†¦the liberating victory of the one true God (Hogan 47).’’ Second, that the resurrection of Jesus is the dawning of the New Age. That man is no longer bound by the shackles of death but that by the resurrection of Jesus, humanity is being invited and called by God to live in the â€Å"spiritual body†¦(not) in the Platonic sense, i.e. non-material. He means a body (physical in some sense), which is constituted by the ‘spirit’ (Hogan 50). Thus, Jesus’ resurrection is the Christian’s hope that at the end of all the pains and sufferings that they may encounter there is the resurrection. Third, that Jesus is the fulfilment of the Old Testament - of the promise Messiah. The crucified and risen Jesus is the King in the Davidic sense. And that Jesus is the embodiment of the Kingship of God in this world. And lastly, Jesus is the King and God not only of the Jews but of the entire world. This shows us that God’s kingship is not limited solely among the Jews but that his Lordship encompass all the peoples of the world for He is the One True God and that through the death and resurrection of Jesus, God’s victory over all the evils, powers and death is â€Å"God’s victory over all the world (Hogan 47).† In the end, Gospel for Paul is a proclamation not only of the acts of Jesus – His life, death and resurrection – but that Jesus himself is the fulfilment of the Messianic promise(s) that resounds over and over again in the Old Testament. But more than that, Paul has presented to us that the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus opened the doors of heavens not only for the Jews but for all people – Jews and Gentiles – as Jesus’ victory is over all the

LinkedIn.com Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

LinkedIn.com - Essay Example Even though the professional community is on the rise with the passage of time, it is without a doubt that LinkedIn fosters productivity and growth across the board, creates avenues for development for the individuals and lets them stay in touch until a business call is made, and remade for future endeavors that are undertaken. The role of the professionals is to solicit the development to come about in such a manner that they get in close contact with one another, and thus stay in touch for a long period of time (Cocheo, 2009). They must grow collectively by keeping in association with one another so that their mutual friends and acquaintances also come about to increase and expand the basis of the business in the coming times through LinkedIn. As a professional, I can use LinkedIn to get in close association with people who have similar interests. To get up close and professional with human services professionals, I need to know where I can have all of them at a single point. This would mean that I need to make a group page for myself where I could solicit invitations from people who have similar interests and whose area of work are much the same. This would keep them all tied up at a single location and allow them to grow collectively. LinkedIn is a very powerful social media tool which if used properly could reap sound results, professionally. People have been able to meet and get in touch with some of the most talented individuals on the professional circuit just because they believed in the power of selling themselves through their abilities, skills and competencies (Pont, 2005). I would make use of LinkedIn to know who is joining the particular community and assess his/her skills upfront so that I know what the new individuals joining up have to offer to the community and to the human services role in essence. The most significant aspect is to get them all wired up and that can only be done when they are at a single platform. Being tied to a professional community means that one automatically ends up in a referral and when one needs to know who to contact, he is directly connected with how he must know the other individual. There is immense connectivity involved within the entire LinkedIn phenomenon, which if used properly could reap rich dividends. LinkedIn is powerful because it links up people who are in the same line of business; work closely with one another or even who work under the aegis of each other. The bosses and the middle line managers are in touch and so is the general dictum of progressive change, which is all the more quintessential in this day and age. Business groups with online presence creates an arm that can reflect on the business and that too from a very narrowed-down perspective, which zeroes in on the fact that connectivity must remain supreme and more so when quality referrals for human service clients seem to be the buzzword. Support services are always backed up by quality referrals which remain the hal lmark of LinkedIn and that too for all the right reasons (Beckwith, 2009). Thus professional business community groups create a sense of optimism which is very significant as it boosts the business by linking up like-minded people. The training offered by these LinkedIn groups is a collective mesh of those individuals who are in the same line of business and who have to offer the same services to a particular area of business. What

Civilization by Bernard Lewis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Civilization by Bernard Lewis - Essay Example Meanwhile, religion plays a crucial role in the definition of civilization. Two of the most popular religions defining civilizations are Christianity and Islam, which interestingly display some similarities while manifesting some differences from each other. In most of the languages in the world, we have two words: "Christianity" and "Christendom." The word "Christianity" would refer to the system of religion itself while "Christendom" would refer to a civilization that basically incorporates both non-Christian and anti-Christian on it. And we also have "Islam" and "Islamdom." Those civilizations are mainly bounded by religious practices that are known all throughout the world. On the other hand, those civilizations defined by region and ethnicity may include perhaps Buddhism and Communism. Buddhism, although, once known as religion, cannot be defined by religion since it was not actually successful in the proliferation in the world unlike Islam and Christianity.

The Nature of a Worldview vs My Version of a Worldview Essay

The Nature of a Worldview vs My Version of a Worldview - Essay Example (Barna, 2001) All this has made my individual worldview pretty different to what the exact worldview of nature in essence is. God asked man to be patient for all his deeds and actions since He alone would provide him the comfort and luxury that a man deserves in this life. Yet what I see from these times is a world full of nepotism, impoliteness, hatred and hunger. Today’s society has become ill-tempered and does not give each other a second chance. Nature wanted man to succeed morally more than in the real sense of the word. (Adams, 1960) But what I gather from the present world is each one of us having a battle within our own selves – a battle to succeed and make it big in the shortest time possible. In essence, the worldview presented by nature is pretty different to what my worldview is and I believe the reason for the same is that we have distanced ourselves from God and His

Analyze two poems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analyze two poems - Essay Example Poems have particular structures and require the appropriate utilization of language in order to depict the feelings of the poet but still maintain the basic poetic nature. Such features do not change and has not changed through time since the earliest poets such John Donne employed them in their poems and so are the modern day poets as discussed in the essay below. Poems tell stories by addressing specific features of the society. They do these by analyzing the social occurrences in the form of thematic issues, which the poets analyze poetically and represent in their works while maintaining the relativity of thought and feelings enjoyed by artists. John Donne did this in his two works in which he portrays several thematic issues. In The Legacy, the poet discussed the gravity of separation, relationships break, and families separate for different reasons. Such separations are always sad and emotion. The pot discusses this using several social factors which he feels best describe the feelings people have whoever separated by their loved ones (Donne 31). Among the social factors, he sues in discussing the importance and gravity of separation is death. Death is a social phenomenon that has been in the society since time immemorial. Humans feel pain whenever they lose their loved ones to death. John Donne thus compares the pain his separation creates to that of his death (Carey 54). He does the same with The Flea in which he discusses sexual sin. Sex just as death in the Legacy has been a part of humanity since time immemorial. People attach immense importance to sexual relations and so does John Donne in the poem. The persona in the poem tries to convince a woman to sleep with him and in doing so; the persona explains his belief in relation to sexual intercourse. He for example explains that during the intercourse their blood would mingle thus making them one. In composing the poem, the author discusses several social and physical phenomena that help describe the nature of his society. One of such is Christianity, religion. By personifying the flea, the poet represents the trinity a basis of the Christianity. He uses the flea and its blood sucking nature to portray the mingling of human blood during sexual intercourse. Poems have natural features that help them qualify as such. As a renowned poet, John Donne portrays immense understanding of the structure and features of poetry thus employ them effectively. Among the important features of poetry and poems is the need for rhythm. Rhythm refers to the specific sound patterns that poems have thus making their recital easier. The poet employs different poetic elements in establishing rhythm in his poems. Among the most evident elements, he uses are rhymes and the use of chorus among many others. Rhymes are an essential aspect of poems that help develop the rhythm thus making recital of poems easier. The poetic element refers to the use of words with similar sound patterns in the lines of a stan za. The words placed at the end of the lines should have similar sound patterns during pronunciation thus helping recite the poems as they lead the audience from a line to the next. Rhymes thus have patterns and The Flea has one definite rhyme patterns throughout the entire poem. The first two lines end in a similarly sounding word as so are the second two lines as the poem progresses. Such a pattern is known as the aa, bb, cc, dd, ee. The poet creates the

Paranormal Activity 2 Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paranormal Activity 2 - Movie Review Example The film is set into the exotic locations of San Diego. One of the most crucial reasons behind as to why the movie has been set up in San Diego is because that place is notoriously known to be famous as a haunted place and a lot of incidents have taken place there, and due to such reasons it is imperative that the shooting took place at a place which has a history of ghost sightings, thus adding value to the movie and in turn improving the overall picture. The Ouija Board is the tool, which is used to communicate with paranormal species. It is a board, which has the numbers, alphabets, and is used for spiritual reasons. It is a spirit board and a talking board, through which communication can happen with other spirits present around human beings. It functions in the film series as a way of communicating with the spirits. Ali and her boyfriend used is as a tool for communication and they realized that the haunted spirits were also talking to them with respect to the communication with the positive spirits as a means for spiritual enlightenment. The use of the board is misused and due to this reason there are paranormal activity taking place in the place of San Diego in USA. Toby wants the first born male instead of the female as he thinks that is more spiritually better for him and that he should follow the instincts and his gut feeling of having a first born male into the family. This crucial and imperative to note as Toby wants to have this desire for only positive spiritual reasons. Toby locks Katie and Hunter into the room thinking that the spiritual experiment he is going to perform with the Ouija Board would be a successful experiment to being back the positive spirits in his life. It is crucial to note that he wants to experience this for the sake of his experiment and nothing more. Hunter and Katie disappear outside the home of Sane Diego and no one knows by the end of the movie where they have suddenly gone and the precise reasons for the same, however, with speculation one can assume that they disappeared due to the experiment carried out by Toby. The found footage works very distinctly in the movie. The fact that spirits are found in the movie alongside the humans is the true art with which the movie is made. Editor edits the movie at the end of it and that matters since the point of the movie is to show spirits and the ghosts taking rounds with the humans as an added physical and tangible objects. It is imperative to note that the editor does this trick by including the faces and bodies of the spirits they wanted to have in their movie. The nuclear family functions in a very strange fashion in the movie. It must be understood that the roles and the relationships, which have been created in the first installment of the movie, do not apply to the second and the third installment. The characters change and shift however the entire installment of the movie remains the same. In the first movie Denis’ first wife was someone el se and she succumbed to her death due to certain unsaid reasons, which are crucial to the final two installments taking place. The characters go into limbo with respect to the movie. The concept of after life exists in the movie while the definition of heaven is a construed one. Work Cited Paranormal Activity

Why does knowledge of different generic approaches to strategy matter Essay - 1

Why does knowledge of different generic approaches to strategy matter What implications does this have for our understanding of the shrm field - Essay Example e understood the strategic role that the human resources can undertake in equipping firms with competitive advantage and therefore contributing to the improvements in performance. As Lengnick – Hall et al. (2009) indicate, SHRM has been highly emphasized within the context of integrating strategic initiatives on the Human Resources with the strategic posture of firms. This paper focuses on two fundamental constructs; the first one is the establishment of the positive relationship between knowledge of generic strategies and understanding the strategic initiatives and the second one is the link between generic approaches to strategies and SHRM. Conceptualizing and evaluating business and organizational strategies is a common perspective that scholars and practitioners undertake in their attempt to understand the competitive position of the firms as well as the forces that interact in the strategy decision making and formulation (†¦..). Whittington (2001) argues that it is imperative to have certain knowledge on strategies as it enables the better understanding of the strategic choices that organizations often make. O’ Farrell et al. (2006) further claim that knowledge on strategies actually influences organizational performance for three reasons; first, understanding strategies implies understanding of the context in which strategizing can take place, second, understanding strategies suggests that management has a clear view of the different forces that can have an impact on the strategic level of firms and third, understanding strategies increases the capabilities and skills of management towards strategic dec ision making. The Generic approaches to strategy are viewed by Whittington (2001) as four fundamental ‘movements’ which reflect different schools of thought regarding the strategic design, implementation and execution on the part of firms. The author distinguishes the generic approaches to the following perspectives: the classical, the evolutionary,

Minor Assignment Marketing Mix Essay Example for Free

Minor Assignment Marketing Mix Essay Introduction This report has been compiled in order to describe the four most common elements of the marketing mix which are described by Elliot, Rundle-Thiele and Waller (2010 p.18-21) in the following few sentences. * Product – â€Å"A good, service or idea offered to the market for exchange.† (p.18) * Price – â€Å"The amount of money a business demands in exchange for its offerings.† (p.20) * Promotion – â€Å"The marketing activities that make potential customers, partners and society aware of and attracted to the business’s offerings. † (p.20) * Place (Distribution) – â€Å"The means of making the offering available to the customer at the right time and place† (p.21) In conjunction with these descriptions, all four marketing mix elements will be analysed and shown how they can be applied to retail petrol outlets and the products which are made available to customers. The Marketing Mix Elliot et. al describe the marketing mix as â€Å"the different elements that marketers need to consider.† (2010 p. 18) When using the marketing mix to market retail petrol outlets such as Caltex Woolworths or Coles Express, marketers need to consider the Product, Price, Promotion and Distribution (Place) of not only petrol, but many other consumer and specialty products which retail petrol outlets offer. Product It can be seen in retail petrol stations that other than the expected fuels like unleaded and diesel which are generally relatively low in terms of their profit margin, â€Å"some oil firms claim that supermarkets sell petrol at a loss in order to attract customers.† (The Economist, 1996 p.58) Other products are required in order to boost profits for the retail petrol chains’ owner. These other products are mostly the convenience type and can range from the daily newspaper and chewing gum, to a bottle of orange juice or a loaf of bread. There are three categories of convenience products outlined by Elliot et al. which are all found in retail petrol outlets and include staple products, impulse products and emergency products. (2010 p. 207) * Staple products – These are considered to be everyday grocery products like bread and milk, purchased regularly by consumers and therefore aren’t heavily promoted * Impulse products – These are considered to be only purchased when seen, like confectionary or magazines which are eye catching and are usually found around the cash register. * Emergency products – These are considered to be those products which are only purchased when really needed, like a raincoat or an umbrella. Although there are a lot of products sold by retail petrol outlets like Caltex Woolworths and Coles Express, the obvious product centred on all retail petrol outlets is the fuel supplied to consumers. The varieties of fuels which can be purchased can include: * E10 – 10% Ethanol. * E85 – 85% Ethanol. * E95 – 95% Ethanol. * Unleaded – Standard fuel. * Hi Octane – Offered for high performance vehicles. * LPG – Alternative to liquid fuel, a Gas product. * Diesel – More efficient lower sulphur producing by product. There is a vast selection of fuels for consumers to choose from and although the blends of fuels stay similar, the names and descriptions of these fuels tend to change from outlet to outlet. For example, when you drive into a Caltex Woolworths you are confronted with the choice of â€Å"Caltex Vortex 95 or 98,† both are hi octane blends offered to a prospective purchaser. (Woolworths fuels, Website.) Price When dealing with topic of pricing in retail petrol stores, the outcome of the price has to be both beneficial to the seller, and seen as a good deal to the buyer, otherwise no trades will take place. As stated previously, petrol itself tends to have a lower margin for profit which means the strategic pricing of other products in-store needs to be addressed as well as ensuring that the price of petrol is not seen as out of balance with other suppliers. There is an obvious demand for petrol, as almost everyone who is able, drives or rides a vehicle which requires fuel to run. So it could be argued that retail petrol stations don’t necessarily set their own prices, but go off supplier guidelines which base their fuel pricing strategy on demand, â€Å"Demand based pricing sets prices according to the level of aggregate or individual customer demand in the market.† (Elliott et al. 2010 p. 250) Elliott et al. also continue to write that both Caltex Woolworths and Coles Express hold more than 60% of the Australian fuel market share (2010 p.268) so high demand from their suppliers will enable them to lower their fuel prices and therefore gain more customers, earning higher profits. Pricing of other products offered by retail petrol outlets such as bread or milk tend to have the opportunity to be competitive and more fairly priced than a standard petrol station, the major grocery companies behind retail petrol outlets like Woolworths and Coles focus on gaining more ground off one and other, price drops are reflected in store and this also proves more profitable, because consumers are drawn into purchasing something they wouldn’t normally associate with their petrol. Promotion An important aspect in the success of retail petrol outlets is in their promotion, or the way in which their fuels and other products are portrayed to potential customers. There are many numbers of ways in which retail petrol outlets use promotional tools to make the public more aware of what their outlet has to offer. Using the Coles Express website for example, it can be seen that promotion plays a major role in the marketing of retail petrol outlets, on the homepage can be found five key promotional campaigns designed to catch the eye of potential customers. The opportunity to win â€Å"the ultimate weekend Ferrari drive experience† or â€Å"two Cadbury chocolate bars for four dollars† (Coles Express, website) are two examples of how Coles Express use promotion as a tool to gain the interest of potential customers. The use of shopper dockets and rewards cards are also a major way in which retail petrol outlets have promoted themselves, using incentives of cheaper fuel by spending amounts of money in store or purchasing earlier in their supermarkets and bringing the docket to the petrol station in order to gain the fuel discount. In the recent past, retail petrol outlets have encouraged shoppers to buy big in store in order to earn big discounts off fuel â€Å"motorists who spend more than $300 during one supermarket visit during the next three days receive a 40 cent per litre petrol discount. Shoppers who spend more than $200 or more receive a 25 cent a litre discount, while those who spend $100 or more get a 10 cent a litre discount.† (Cranston 2009) Woolworths have the â€Å"Everyday Rewards† program, and Coles have the â€Å"Fly buys† rewards program. Both these programs offer rewards point in exchange for purchases made in their outlets. Another way in which retail petrol outlets can promote their product is through sponsorship, Coles Express for example are sponsoring Daffodil day, a program not normally associated with fuel but this can help to grow an organisations image, by supporting such a worthy cause, Coles express may gain respect from the community and in turn boost their profits. Place (Distribution) The transportation and distribution of products including fuel to retail petrol outlets operates under the marketing mix category of â€Å"Place.† â€Å"The science (or art) of ensuring products are in the right place at the right time in the right quantity is known as logistics and the various partners that contribute to the process make up is called the supply chain.† (Elliot et al. 2010 p.21) Retail petrol outlets operate somewhat differently to conventional service stations, the retail petrol outlets are often situated near to a parent supermarket company (in the same complex) which makes supply of products other than fuel relatively easy as the distance for stock to travel is minimal. When looking at the fuel aspect, it can be seen that the logistics tend to become a lot more involved and a more defined supply chain emerges. * First fuel is sourced from their respective supplier (Caltex or Shell) on a relatively routine basis, as fuel is a required product for most of the community. * The fuel is then transported by truck from oil refineries which are based in more coastal areas (Caltex oil refinery in Kurnell NSW) which makes it easier to transfer oil from overseas oil barges when new shipments arrive. * When the trucks reach the retail petrol outlet the fuel is then pumped into underground holding tanks, where the fuel can now be distributed to the customer via the petrol pump and now exchange of fuels can be made for a profit. Conclusion This report was compiled in order to describe the four elements of the marketing mix: * Product * Price * Promotion * Place (distribution) The descriptions of these marketing mix elements were also shown in application; how they are applied when breaking down the four aspects in relation to retail petrol outlets. Focusing on the Caltex Woolworths and Coles Express partnerships it was able to be shown how the marketing mix elements are applied. Products have been broken down into specific fuels and other items which are available to potential customers, these products have also been categorised as either: Staple, Impulse or Emergency. Price has been shown to be of vital importance, and the outcome of the price has to be both beneficial to the seller, and seen as a good deal to the buyer. Promotion has also proven to be of high importance to the overall marketing of retail petrol outlets, the use of shopper dockets for discounts, and sponsorship for awareness and image are important promotional tools outlined above. Place (Distribution) outlines the logistics and supply chain which is in place for retail petrol outlets to gain their product in order to forward it onto the paying public to gain an overall profit. All four of these marketing mix elements play their own equally pivotal role in ensuring the successful operation of retail petrol outlets. References Coles Express website www.colesexpress.com.au Cranston, B. (2009) NSW: ACCC investigating supermarket petrol promotion. AAP Australian National News wire Elliott, G. Rundle-Thiele, S. Waller, D. (2010) Marketing. Pump Action, The Economist. (1996) Vol. 338 Issue 7950, page 58 Woolworths petrol website www.woolworthspetrol.com.au

How the world has changed Essay Example for Free

How the world has changed Essay The essay â€Å"Use Your Own Words† by Anne Trubek argues a great point that technology is changing the way we read and write and that spell must change also. Should the world let technology take over? What is the purpose of a map if you can easily find it on your phone and get directions? Think about it, what is the purpose of having a book or newspaper in modern times if you can easily go on the internet. She supports this by showing and explaining how spelling checkers and much more are slowly messing with the way we spell. What Trubek states in her argument is very true, spelling has went from â€Å"As soon as possible to ASAP† just in a matter of centuries. It all started in 1475 reducing the amount of letters in words, abbreviating. Back then there was no one or thing to tell you whether you spelled it wrong or right now we have many systems that correct the spelling. Even though it was used in that time as telegrams. I agree that we have let technology change the way the spelling system is now; some of the effects are hardly changeable. For instance text messaging has made people have a certain and crazy way of spelling that most well a lot of professors, teachers and more dont always understand. Kids and certain adults communicate in many different modalities as a result of technology. When using iPhones, tablets, smart pads and more they use T9 word which corrects the spelling as you text or swipe and let you circle some of the words and it spells them for you. When I started high school and got my first phone I used it, it’s a technology built to help people typing on cellphones. I didn’t know how to spell words so it used set of words that where similar to the word I was looking for. Texting became even easier to me when I was a minor. Some people are happy but 10% complain as Trubek stated â€Å"Damn you, autocorrect† (220). When you look on websites people misspell a lot using spelling systems like swipe, then have to apologize for the mistakes. While younger centuries are developing this apart of their lives, older are saying we have lost are mind. Another true fact is teacher even want us to use spelling  grammar and check on computers like in Microsoft word and more. The spelling system argues that spelling reform would make a huge change in the world today that’s the way she looked at it if you read page 221 they stated that reduce the words help people get a better understanding. Just slowly and often not in an organized way. There are many words that were once spelled very differently but have now changed. For example, error was spelled errour. In American language has been up and down beaten and destroyed just as fast as it was built. The writing has even changed certain formats for certain paper, the way your letters look, everything. I believe she feels we have already done enough to it what could possible go wrong with trying to make it better in the world, changing the spelling systems and making it not so much as slang but as proper English, or even just letting people know what goes where and not always shorting the word. In the future at the rate there going words want live on it will be codes that you will have to go by. It is great that we have established new inventions but not to take and destroy what many of our ancestors built. I think that most important thing to her is how she can make a change; I mean I understand we have let technology do a lot for us. Like computers, tablets, phones can keep all of those files and handouts in neat folders. The way that we think of textbooks is completely changing. It is no longer just text and pictures. Today’s textbooks often have web-based sites that include assessments, animations, additional materials, videos, and other materials to support the learning of new contents. Even you have books that can be downloaded on everything and it reads it for you and or watch the movie or as I like to call it the remake. Which by the way takes away from your reading skills and more? I’m not sure if this is a part of the learning, but we don’t pass notes in class anymore. Because we can easily get them off are email or as most students do text one another instead. Its just another funny way how technology has changed education. As I look over this essay it makes me want to take and bye me a lot of dictionary sit down and study every word in the book. Instead on using the one on my phone and cutting down on the way I spell in my texting. When Trubek stated â€Å"Standardized spelling enables readers to understand writing, to aid communication and ensure clarity† (222). She made me think about what my grandmother always told me â€Å"don’t eat anything if you can’t spell it; know where it came from and what’s in it. This is a great article I would encourage a lot of people to read it and think about it, and hopeful as they get older try to change the way they incorporate how to spell, read write and learn.

Oneness Of Being Unity With God Religion Essay

Oneness Of Being Unity With God Religion Essay In attempting a study on Sufism one cannot ignore the theology and life of Ibn Arabi. Knà Ã‚ ¾wn by some aц¢ thà Ã‚ µ grà Ã‚ µatà Ã‚ µÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¢t of Muslim philiosophers, Ibn à Ã‚ rabi waц¢ bà Ã‚ ¾rn in MurÑ ia in ц¢Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾uth-à Ã‚ µaц¢tà Ã‚ µrn à Ã¢â‚¬ ¦pain, during the time of the development of à Ã‚ ndaluц¢ian Mà Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾riц¢h Ñ ulturà Ã‚ µ. He was born in a situation and moment in time which Jewish, Muslim and Christian intellectuals gained knowledge from each other. Depicting the most sophisticated metaphysical and theoretical philosophy of his era, Ibn Arabi generated an astonishing mystical theology that fundamentally developed from his own spiritual realization. He has been recognized for 800 years as the Sheikh al-Akbar, or the Greatest Master, because the sophisticated characteristics of his wisdom. In these works he presented some unique theological perspectives. One of the most pivotal is his teaching about humanitys unity with God. It is the goal of this paper to attempt to explain why Ibn Arabi stressed this concept as being essential to ones spiritual life. To understand the oneness of being with God, one must first comprehend what Ibn Arabis beliefs were between of the universe and ontology. Ontology for him consisted of three different levels of existence. These were rendered as: Absolute Being, or the unrestricted existence of God, the necessary; the Self Existent, the Absolute non-Being Page 2 which is non-Self Existent; and the Mediator or Separator whereby these two are distinguished one from the other.  [1]   God is the only necessary being. All of the rest of creation depends on God for existence. Creation reflects Gods attributes. Ibn Arabi believes that all things pre-exist as ideas in the knowledge of God. The world is merely an outward aspect of that which in its inward aspect in God.  [2]     Creation should not be confused with God himself, however it is a reflection of God. When you look at creation you realize that is upheld by God but in its very nature buried in it is Gods own nature. It is natural to say that all that exists has a connection with God. This has to be balanced with still acknowledging tanzih as well. This might suggest that this is almost a pantheist view. But Ibn Arabi was not claming that God and the Universe are identical. God created the world that is very different from himself but he still wants to hold a relationship with it. This ends up with humankind seeking union with God. In his manuscript, the Bezels of Wisdom, Arabi makes the claim that what we see and experience is only a dream. While nearly all people are ignorant that we aren not seeing reality, everything that we perceive and sense is an delusion, we know what we see only a representative manifestation of what is the one genuine Reality. Ibn al-Arabi writes, All Page 3 men are asleep; only when they die, do they wake up.  [3]  Ibn Arabi does not signify that one has to expire so one can recognize true Reality. However it is showing that the progression human beings have had to undertake so they can understand apparent actuality to reveal the Reality. It was Ibn al-Arabis estimation, this divine development is a self-annihilation analogous to ones demise. Following the alteration making residence, humans awaken to an totally dissimilar world, liberated of the rationale that conceals the absolute Reality. This death or awakening which Arabi comprehends as reality directs to a new state of knowning the Reality. It is inaccurate to articulate that the two are not connected because the absolute Reality is unlike that we perceive to be as reality. Actually Ibn Arabi upholds that they are very much interconnected. We might think that which we perceive as real is not fully worthless, but is a symbolic representation of the Reality. Both our imaginings or reality are not what they appear to be. The theory concerned in the employment of symbols is a indispensable one. Ibn Arabi labels this as tawil, which can be defined as bringing something back to its foundation. Nothing is what it appears to be. In Islamic terms, every exterior (Zahir) must have an enterior (batin). Tawil means going from Zahir to the batin, outward reality to the inner one. The Universe articulates to him in the language of symbols. The progression of tawil can be relevant to all the wonder of Nature and all that encloses humans in this life. The precepts of religion and the experience within the heart of man are also responsible for the Page 4 deep-seated method of personal interpretation. One must undergo five levels of Divine self- manifestation for this death or conversion that one must experience to interpret these symbols. For Arabi there are five levels of Divine self-manifestation. They are: The plane of the Essence (dhat), the world of the absolute non-manifestation (al-ghayb al-mutlaq) or the Mystery of Mysteries The plane of the Attributes and the Names, the Presence of Divinity (uhulhiyah) The plane of the actions, the presence of Lordship (rububiyah) The plane of Images (amthal) and Imagination (khayal) The plane of senses and sensible experience (mushahadah)  [4]   Together these create completion, however the exacting planes mirror the stages recorded above. The same as was conveyed previously, everything contained by these stages are a depiction of facet of Divine Existence. The entire entity is a revelation, an instruction, or a communication from God.  [5]  To be capable of discovering the uppermost plane, we need to discover the connection that exists even within the transcendence and immanence of God. We can find this possible if one rejects the corporeal nature but also with some of the sense of reason to reach a level of unadulterated intelligence. While understanding this position we will recover the reason we discarded, just the reason we recover with be an entirely different Page 5 type then the one that was thrown away. Liberated of corporeal confines, thethe entirety things on all the planes will be disclose concerning their proper nature. When we distinguish that every of these descriptions are purely diverse varieties of the Divine Being, according to Ibn al-Arabis theology, we will have arrive at ed the uppermost plane of Being. We will be faultless. Regrettably, though it is achievable to attain this plane and get the capability to know Reality on the greatest sacred point, Muhammad is the only one that has accomplished such consciousness. Even though Ibn al-Arabi deems every part of of existence is a dream, he too believes it is feasible to arouse from this dream and discover the unqualified Reality. By freeing ourselves from reason and our corporal nature, we are capable to fuse the transcendence and immanence of God. This permits us to deduce the figurative descriptions of the Divine Existence reflected at the distinctive planes of Being, ultimately directing us to recognize that they are entirely one and the same. Each dream, and all of existence, are a expression of the Absolute. Actuality is the Absolute. Ibn al-Arabi deem that what we see as reality and what we understand of Reality is achievable throughout the course of our minds prospects. Imagination oversee every thing: complete nothingness, the unattainable, the Necessary, and the possibility, and makes them clear through symbols that we can understand. Imagination provides the outline to where all aspects of the Divine Existence, despite whether reason informs us they can or cannot exist. Yet opposites and contradictions, even being in two distinctive places at the same instance, turn out to be reasonable with imagination. Anything that is rational is created by ones imagination. Every part that is reasonable should be interpret. Imagination makes the Page 6 sensible world of reality connect with the spiritual. Accepting imagination role is the solution to interpreting the metaphors imagination generates and unleases what they are aiming to communicate. Humans were originally made in the form of Allah but have forgotten this knowledge and ultimate position that it puts them. Arabi thought that there existed a Perfect Man that remembered and acknowledge the relationship with God and humankind. One should try to become like this person. Ibn Arabi claimed that Muhammad was this Perfect Man. The Quran portrays Muhammad as a highly moral man. He saw clearly who he was by through the actualization of divine names.  [6]  He stands as an example of knowing God and therefore knowing himself. This means of realization connects God and our place in the universe. One must follow the path of takhalluq, or assuming the traits of Muhammad.  [7]  The knowledge of the oneness of God is not just for the Perfect Man but one who receives the idea and is affected by it. But it is through striving to be the Perfect Man that this can happen. One must be able to extinguish the self into the presence of God. This happens within the human heart. This changed person achieves unity with God and becomes a reflection of God in humans. For Ibn Arabi, the soul attains a state of self-annihilation and is able to perceive the unity of all things especially God and its creation. God reveals himself because God wanted to be known. Page 7 It seems that the idea of oneness is almost shirk for a Muslim but Ibn Arabi made a distinction between God as the transcendent and the God that related to the cosmos. Humans were only able to draw near to the God that related to the world. This only happens as one becomes perfected. Then one may be able to acknowledge Gods presence within oneself. Man as barzakh, the connection involving Being and non-Being, is important to Ibn Arabi. Humans are given the important role of being the link between God and creation. When God created Adam and breathed his spirit into him, he placed all of his attributes in humans. We all have the potentional of reflecting Gods nature, living the realities of the Divine Names. Humans reflect Gods Divine Names. This is comparable to Christians claiming that we are made in Gods image. Humankind may have been created with all of Gods attributes in them but we have somehow lost this knowledge. This would correspond with traditional Islamic belief that we have a tendency for forgetfulness. The only path to open up our eyes is through revelation from God. Unity comes when one has realized that our very existence belongs to God. One must be completely absorbed in God. We are limited but we can be connected to God the absolute. To connect with God is the aim of the Sufis life. Within all of us is the desire for God. When we finally come to the knowledge of how the cosmos works and pondering the Divine Names can one attain unity with God. One might even say you must get lost in God. Page 8 This can only happen by certain means. Humanity can draw near to God through the experience of oneness through asceticism. There must be self-purification and self-stripping as well as abstinence and solitude. In this environment real conversation can take place with God. There must be certain guidelines that must be followed. Arabi wrote, do not enter your cell until you are aware of your station and of the extent to which you able to oppose the power of the imagination. If your imagination has power over you, you must go into retreat only under the guidance of a teacher.  [8]  People must have the capacity to receive and encounter God on such a deep level. For the Sufi, it is not to be taken lightly. There is a connection between ones preparedness and the measuring out or ones destiny. This is determined by Allah. Before God brought us to be, he knew the qualities we would need to be able to have the capacity to receive. He brings humans from nonexistence to existence. We cannot worship God in His very Essence only by what is allowed by are preparedness and our destiny. The practice of the dhirk is tremendously important. Dhirk does not simply mean repeating the names of God for a Sufi. It is a liturgy of sorts that includes recitation but also music and dance. These acts will bring to remembrance who God is and what over relationship to him is. At some point in his days, Muhammad predicted that Islam would be divided just as Christianity had started to be separated. Certainly this prophecy was accurate which can be Page 9 seen through the commonness of many sects and atypical viewpoints that are found in the faith of those who assert to be Muslim. One of these division is seen with those who call themselves Sufis. They began engaging in some different behaviors. A number of people initiated in unusual types of devotion and worship. Some began to reject the world surrounding them by way of ascetic exercises. Originally they were regarded as Muslims, though what they were engaged in was an fresh and different. After awhile, a Sufi practice and philiosophy began to advance. Some began to deem those who practiced it to be beyond the religion of Islam. There are similar fanatical Sufi practices that have similarities in Christianity. Equally Christianity and Sufism have roots in a supernatural outlook of God and the religious experience. It is a personal practice concerning an inner voyage of the person to God, not just an practice of relating truths. It is rooted on spirituality more than reason. The understanding is somewhat purposely fashioned by participant through bodily and intellectual exercises, as the encounter does not manifest itself. One must participate in the exercise. There is an stress put on in encountering a personal God. This discovery comes through prayer, meditation, music and even chating and meditation. Another place of common ground is the belief that God addresses people directly to in both Christian and Sufi circles. Christians accept as true that God articulates revelation to them directs them through the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit is one aspect of the trinity, the other essences of God being the Father and also Jesus. Most Christians would agree that they can obtain a relationship with God by communing with the Holy Spirit. This happens through prayer and reflection. Most would say that the Holy Spirit is present in each person Page 10 as part as a outcome of Jesus atonement on the cross to rescue and save humankind. The Holy Spirit was sent after Jesus ascension. The Holy Spirit can articulate openly to people whether they are wide awake or during dreams. Sufis also claim that God communicates directly to them and divulges to special hidden knowledge to them that is not known to others. This idea derives itself from the Sufi belief that Allah inhabits in their souls and that people have divine characteristics. This is precisely the equivalent as the Christian thought of the individual soul that is enlightened and steered by the Holy Spirit. Sufis have created a specific tafsir of the Quran in which they utilize, which exposes the concealed connotation of language and terms of passages that are not clear when trying to uunderstanding them. For instance, Ibn Arabi deduces that the verse Allah has set a seal on their hearts and on their hearings to mean that They hear not except from Him (Allah) and understand not except from Him. They see not except by Him, and they neither turn to you nor to what you have because of what We have made and placed with them.  [9]  Ibn Arabi purports that Allah has sealed the hearts and hearing of Sufi s to everything except from what Allah shows them candidly through their prayers and meditation. Ibn Arabi trusts that his tafsir was divinely inspired and inscribed by way of Divine transcription and Allah placing the implication in his heart. Because there is a focus on personal relationship with the Divine, directly through the Holy Spirit, both religions seem to take on a especially personal manner about them. On the whole the focal point is distracted from the others and society. Their association with God as a whole, only seems to concentrate on the connection to the individuals relationship with Page 11 God. The mystical path can become a distinctively individual solitary way to find God, all relying on the self. The Christian and Sufi prays and mediatates; they may even attend worship, whether in a mosque or other group gathering. Nevertheless, the prominence of thought is generally constantly on the self. The accountability to the others is makes one indifferent and narrowed the importance of others appreciably. This is in disagreement to the overall rationale of religion, as God sent prophets to the people and countries not to just individuals. Islam and Christianity both should integrate the society or atleast others from different ways of life. We are all diversely joined and should be inseparable. When focus is taken off the individual the whole scheme of belief changes. Religion should not be something every individual does absent from the society on his or her own; it is also displayed through every deed that the person makes. There is not enough to emphasis on the community and together their relationship to God. One worries about getting people saved and not how live in community. If one mainly concentrates on their own individual bond with God, the church and the world populace is lacking because of it. Another problem that arises from an individualistic way of expressing religion, every person can develop their own system and beliefs supported by anything they sense God fancies them to do, not what God says they should do. This somewhat explains the mystical understanding where imagination, not reason is implemented. This personal tone of Sufism and Christianity is too often the outcome, whether it has been intentional or not, which can isolate people from God, since they are not following there own way not the way God gave them. Page 12 In trying to evaluate Ibn Arabi individually from a Christian perspective, he makes some claims one can seem to agree with. Christians tend to claim to want a relationship with God and that we are made in the image of God. At first glance this seemed to be similar to Christian thought. This is different for the Christian because it was not just forgetfulness that separates us from God but rebellion. We cannot do anything to bridge to gap between us and God. One needs a savior to pay the atonement for ones sins which make it possible for relationship. Knowledge is not path to get someone there. Christians do talk about how someone must decrease and God increase in their lives. This is very similar to the oneness that is spoken in Sufism. The more someone becomes like God, the less we are like themselves. An attempt is made to leave the carnal nature behind. Those that follow the teachings of John Wesley speak of working towards perfection. Wesley taught that perfection, or sanctification, was possible in this lifetime, though he never claimed to achieve total perfection. This could only happen by intentional behaviors meant to hone in your carnal nature. This is also completemented by first the working of the Holy Spirit in ones life. Most Christians would say that perfection is an unattainable goal. Only Christ was the perfect man. We still need to mature in our faith. That will change us into better people. Sufis have always honored Jesus as the ultimate contemplative. Jesus achieved the ultimate ideal for intimacy by displaying the ascetic life and love for God. Jesus had long Page 13 periods of fasting and prayer retreats that many Sufis would consider a good model. Many Christians shrug off fasting and retreat as unnecessary even though it is commanded by Jesus. This paper sought to explain how for Ibn Arabi, union with God is a pivotal theological concept. This can only be understood by looking at the way he viewed the world including symbolism. These all influence how one sees creation and how one relates to God. For Christianity, Sufism brings some challenges as well as at time places of agreement. It is important for one to understand other concepts to be able to understand ones one theological framework better. We both agree on a personal loving God. Some other ways, like prayer and meditation, are exceptionally important to both groups. One can be challenged as we try to understand each other so there can be more peace. Only in that environment can Christianity be heard and understood. Christianity can not make as much an impact if we do not strive to understand other religions. Christ would want us to observe and interact with people of other religions so others could see Christ through us. Page 14

Rap And Censorship Essays -- essays research papers

The beginnings of rap are believed to based on African rhythms which were used as a form of communication by the native peoples. The lyrical component of rap music is thought to have been greatly influenced by Cab Calloway with his repetitive chants and scats, along with his call-and-response technique with the audience. Rap evolved and gained in popularity in the 1960's when a few revolutionary "DJ's," including Kool DJ Herc, DJ Lovebug Starski, and DJ Hollywood, began to work block parties in the Bronx. They would bring in large speakers, hook them up to a turntable and play two of the same record at the same time, repeating the same section of the vinyl over and over by scratching it. Other performers would chant and yell to the crowd. In 1979, music companies recorded rap for the first time. Such acts as The Sugar Hill Gang, The Fatback Band, and Grandmaster Flash were among the first to gain popularity. In 1982, Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five released the first popular politically based rap. Grandmaster's song "The Message" deals with life in the inner city, and the stress of being around violence and drugs. It included such lyrics as, "Junkies in the alley with a baseball bat, I tried to get away but I can't get far, cause the man with the touch-up repossessed my car, don't push me 'cause I'm close to the edge†¦" The early popularity of rap was hindered by an inability to reach new audiences. After much controversy, MTV began to run videos by black artists. These artists were showcased primarily on the new program "Yo! MTV Raps". The rhythms and the lyrics attracted a spectrum of listeners, from inner-city minorities to suburban upper-class whites. During the same era, as rap was rising in popularity, the infamous "PMRC hearings" occurred. Tennessee senator Al Gore's wife, Tipper, led the PMRC, or Parents' Music Resource Center. This group, which included a number of other wives of Washington legislators, convinced Congress to hold hearings regarding the placement of warning labels on "offensive" albums. The National PTA also called for warning labels on violent, sexually explicit, or vulgar albums in their yearly address in 1984. During the Congressional hearings, several ideas were considered including warning labels, a ratings system, and singer... ...ould be able to access? Rap music and all other forms of media have their places in this world. While some may argue strongly about whether certain types of music are beneficial or even safe for society to witness, their arguments remain their personal opinions. The true fight for free speech lies not in fighting for the right to hear what you agree with, but in fighting for the freedom of those with whom you disagree. When you take away the public's right to voice a differing opinion, either through their music, their writing, or their art you strike at the very heart of freedom for which America is supposed to stand. References ACLU News. May 31, 1996. Online. Biafra, Jello. "If Evolution is Outlawed, Only Outlaws Will Evolve". Alternative Tentacles Records. 1998. Massachusetts Music Industry Coalition Newsletter. Volume 1, Issue 2. February, 1997. MMICN. Volume 1, Issue 3. September, 1997. MTV News. September 2, 1998. Online. Rock Out Censorship. Online. Rock and Rap Confidential. Issue #4. August, 1983. Rock and Rap Confidential. Issue #7. December, 1983. Rock and Rap Confidential. Issue #118. September, 1994. Rock and Rap Confidential. Issue #130. January, 1996.

Sex Offenders- Four Domains of Criminogenic Needs Assessment Essay

This essay begins with the introduction of the Risk-Needs-Responsivitiy Model which was developed to assess offending and offer effective rehabilitation and treatment (Andrews & Bonta, 2007). The R-N-R model â€Å"remains the only empirically validated guide for criminal justice interventions that aim to help offenders† (Polashek, 2012, p.1) consisting of three principles which are associated with reductions in recidivism of up to 35% (Andrew & Bonta, 2010); risk, need and responsivity. Firstly, the risk principle predicts the offenders risk level of reoffending based on static and dynamic factors, and then matched to the degree of intervention needed. Secondly, the R-N-R targets individual’s criminogenic needs, in relation to dynamic factors. Lastly, the responsivity principle responds to specific responsivity e.g. individual needs and general responsivity; rehabilitation provided on evidence-based programming (Vitopoulous et al, 2012). This R-N-R model will be used to assess the case of Jamie Wilson, focusing on the assessment of his criminogenic needs in relation to his offence, as changing these dynamic factors can reduce the probability of recidivism (Andrew & Bonta, 2010). Furthermore, this essay will consider the risk and responsivity in regards to Jamie Wilson’s case. Jamie aged 27, has been convicted of a rape of a child and sentenced to eight years custody. The victim aged 12, was approached by Jamie on the way home from school and sexually assaulted. Jamie has no previous convictions of this type; however he has convictions for shop-theft, drinking and driving with no insurance. The needs principle of the R-N-R consists of four domains of criminogenic needs as discussed below. The first domain deviant sexual interest ... ...on And Violent Behaviour, 5(5), 491-507. doi:10.1016/S1359-1789(98)00036-6 Weldon, S., & Gilchrist, E. (2012). Implicit Theories in Intimate Partner Violence Offenders. Journal Of Family Vioence, 27(8), 761-772. doi:10.1007/s10896-012-9465-x Witt, P., Greenfield, D., & Hiscox, S. (2008). Cognitive/behavioural approaches to the treatment adult sex offenders. Journal of Psychiatry & Law, 36(2), 245-269, retrieved from EBSCOhost Worling, J .(2012). The assessment and treatment of deviant sexual arousal with adolescents who have offended sexually. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 18(1), 36-63. doi: 10.1080/13552600.2011.630152 Worling, J. (2006). Assessing Sexual Arousal with Adolescent Males Who Have Offended Sexually: Self- Report and Unobtrusively Measured Viewing Time. Sexual Abuse: A Journal Of Research & Treatment, 18(4), 383-400. doi: 10.1007/s11194-006-9024-1

Canberra Bushfires :: essays research papers

Canberra Fires of 2003 The Canberra bushfire began on Saturday 18th January 2003, with reports suggesting that it was started by a Lightning Strike, to the north of Canberra. In the few hours the few hours that proceeded, the fires raged out of control. Another fire close to the one started by the lightning, ended up joining it, creating a massive fire front, roaring towards Canberra. No warning could prepare the people of Canberra for what was happening. They did not have much time to fight the fires. They were instructed by the fire crews to leave their houses and flee. Over 300 homes were lost. One suburb, Duffy, was hardest hit. Just about every house in this one suburb was destroyed or partly burnt by the fires. Damage was reported to be in the hundreds of millions, with many treasured possessions lost, never to be recovered again. This story of survival was heard on the radio station Nova 97.9. A neighbour from Duffy lived near a farm. The man who owned the farm didn’t even try to save his home. He knew that he would never save it, so he went down the road, took his hose and helped his fellow neighbour save their home. That home was saved. However, the man with the farm lost his home. His neighbour said that he saw him the next day sleeping in his tractor with his dog on the side of the road. That is a story of Aussies doing their best to look out for their mates. Canberra was declared a disaster area by the Federal Government. Millions of dollars was donated by the people of Australia to help those people in crisis in Canberra. Millions of Aid Money was also handed out by the Government to those whose homes were destroyed. In one day an entire large are of Canberra was lost. Due to one fire. This fire was also fueled by strong winds of 50 km/h fanning the fire front and propelling it towards Canberra. Due to the fact that Canberra is surrounded entirely by bush and scrub area, the fire had lots of natural fuel to help it along. The entire surrounding area of Canberra is Trees and farms. This would have helped the fire a lot to travel faster than usual. Preliminary observations of the gardens of houses affected by the bushfires highlighted the importance of trees and shrubs that retain dead leaves and other material.

Compare the opening of the novel ‘Jaws’ with the opening of the film

The opening of the novel is at the beginning very quiet and kind of strange, it describes the shark ‘Jaws' as the great fish and it describes how it moves ‘propelled by short sweeps of it's crescent tail. It raises a kind of tension already because you don't yet know what is going to happen and that is quiet scary in itself. It makes out that it is a very dark environment and that makes it more scary as well. It said that the fish survived only by moving and it was bearing water through it's gills, the graphic of what the shark is doing and how it is moving is very detailed. We do not know where it is yet but we can guess because it is a fish so it must be in the sea, the sea is described as the night water so that emphasises the darkness of the sea which creates more tension. When the woman says she is going for a swim the audience doesn't want her to because they know something is going to happen to her because of the opening scene of the shark underwater. When she does go in and keeps going deeper, you know that something bad is going to happen to her. Even if she doesn't know that, and because the novel says that she can't swim very well, you get worried that she won't be able to get away from danger. The tension rises when danger gets closer and when it hits the graphic of the situation is very, very detailed. ‘Her groping fingers had found a nub of bone and tattered flesh' it says, after that the lady dies and the man is asleep, being very vulnerable. Give a detailed description of the opening of the film. Explain what media / film devices Steven Spielberg uses and what affect they have upon the audience. At the beginning of the film there is a dolphin like sound then the ‘Jaws' theme music, it is a scary type of music, it could make tension in a different scene, but not at the beginning because nothing is happening. Stephen Spielberg put the view in the sharks perspective, it is an underwater view of the great fish swimming along. He bit after that changes to a nice, calm scene of a beach party, there is a lot of people there so that shows safety, everyone is safe there. It shows everyone having a good time and it has lively, fun music on too, the camera then turns to look at a man, then the lady, then the man. The man goes over to the lady and they start talking, the lady gets up and goes over to the sea to have a swim, the man follows, this raises a bit of tension because the lady is going into the sea which is unwelcoming, dark and sinister. The camera pans out to a big picture of the sea that looks very evil. The man on the beach falls to sleep because he was drunk but the lady is still in the sea. She swims deeper and then you see a big picture of the sea and the lady swimming and she puts her leg in the air and then goes underwater, I think Stephen Spielberg did this to represent the dorsal fin of a shark, the tension is still rising at this point as you can feel her getting closer to danger. The view suddenly turns to the fish's perspective again and the same scary, weird music is put on, it shows the fish looking up at the swimming lady from below, after a few more seconds it goes back to the view of the lady and she takes a deep breath very quickly, she gasps a few times then starts screaming, the music is even loader now and the fish pulls her across, she grabs onto a buoy and it rings loader than it had been, she gets dragged along the water a few more times then she dies. The drunken man had fallen asleep on the beach, knowing nothing about what had just gone on, a very vulnerable man. The camera shot goes back to the man, asleep on the beach with the sun just coming up beside him and the tips of the waves surrounding him. Similarities about the novel and film At the start of the film the first simile is that it is obvious that the girls name is Christie and it is in the film too. He man falls asleep in both of them although they both seem very different when you are reading and watching them. As, as before the man doesn't have a name in the novel or film, at the beginning and near when Christie gets killed it is in the sharks perspective. As in the book, the shark is described a great fish, this rises the tension a bit as well. At the end of the opening sequences returns a sense of calm, both novel and film have symbolic uses of dark and light. Again, both the novel and film are alternate between the shark and the woman – the camera shots in the film and the paragraphs in the novel get shorter and speed up. The perspective and style of the attack is similar because the woman is pulled and dragged in the water. Differences between the novel ‘Jaws' and the film As you would find out if you read the novel you will see that the graphic of the attack at the beginning is outstanding, it is scary and maybe terrifying. In the film there is not as much graphic and it is not as scary because of that. When the attack is taking place in the film the buoy is an important feature because it symbolises that no-one can hear her and that she is in great danger. In the film there is a larger group at the beach party, this symbolises safety in numbers and in the novel there is only two people at the beach. Because there is a lot of people in the film it adds to the honour and there is a lot of potential resources. This also lets the audience identify themselves with the scene. The novel seems and most properly is colder and more scientific than the film because the film can't make use of the writing that the novel has. In the film the music adds to the mounting of tension and suspense but in the novel you have to use your imagination. In the film the music tone is threatening and sinister. In the novel, the house and lights in it represent hope and security but in the film it is the fire and the beach party.

Ice Cream Making Essay

several(prenominal) may call it a cheer food, others a family tradition, but we all live on sugary potatoes pie is delicious. This pie is communal around the colder holidays much(prenominal) as Thanksgiving and Christmas. Sweet potatoes pie common ingredients argon of course concoction potatoes, butter, eggs, sugar, milk, vanilla extract extract, nutmeg, cinnamon, and pie crust. The pie color can vary from send off orange tree tree to dark orange. The heart of pie is gratifying with a combination of different sp spyglasss. The food grain of the pie is usually melteden, but it is not bizarre to beget small pieces of sweet potatoes in it also some sweet potatoes pies have cockamamie has toppings which consecrates it not smooth. The disembodied spirit of sweet potatoes pie is one that brings up memories to people, the stink of sweet potatoes with various species has a sweet smell. The grouch choice undulate is liquid, it is thick and chromatic it is tasteless simi lar to milk and is vacuous in color. aft(prenominal) the sweet potatoes assortment, which inhabit of, cinnamon, butter, sugar, nutmeg, pecans, and sweet potatoes was added to the ice cream mix. The mix turned a light orange color. The color adds to the appeal of the product because it is orange just like sweet potatoes. The grain of the ice cream is not smooth because of small pieces of sweet potatoes chucks and walnuts in it. However, we didnt want it to be too smooth because sweet potatoes pies arent smooth and the nuts add texture to it. The different spices are also seen and tasted in the ice cream.The pecans were cover with cinnamon, sugar and nutmeg. This added a sweeter flavor to the ice cream as well as additional spices. The group did a in truth good job of maintaining the sweet potatoes flavor with ice cream. It has the spices and taste similar to perpetual sweet potatoes pie. The smell is similar to the smell of sweet potatoes pie it smells sweet and has a smell of s pices like cinnamon and nutmeg.We first do an un rose-cheeked recipe, added 60.2g of butter to sweet potatoes to make it creamy which also made it lenient for it to be ladened. After the sweet potatoes were smashed until the texture we desired, we added 2g of cinnamon, 12g of sugar, 1g of nutmeg, to the 308 g of sweet potatoes mixed. After the ingredients were mixed the 25g of pecans were added to the mix. Then the sweet potatoes mix was added to 900mL of the Mayfield ice cream mix gradually. It was then churned for 20 minutes. Then the ice cream was taken out a displace in a blast deep-freeze for storage. Then we made a whole version of the ice cream, the recipe for the healthy version is 308g of sweet potatoes, 1g of nutmeg, 2g of cinnamon, 30.1g of margarine salt and 5g of Splenda.

Management and Co-ordination

Coordination Definition of Coordination Co-ordination is the unification, integration, synchronization of the efforts of base members so as to provide unity of action in the interest of common goals. It is a hidden force which binds on the whole the other functions of way. According to Mooney and Reelay, Co-ordination is orderly arrangement of group efforts to provide unity of action in the hobby of common goals. According to Charles Worth, Co-ordination is the integration of several separate into an orderly hole to achieve the purpose of cause.Management seeks to achieve co-ordination through with(predicate) its basic functions of planning, organizing, staffing, tell and controlling. That is why, co-ordination is none a separate function of management because achieving of harmony amidst individuals efforts towards achievement of group goals is a key to success of management. Co-ordination is the essence of management and is tacit and inherent in every functions of manage ment. Ingredient of all the Managerial Functions A conductor can be compared to an orchestra conductor since both of them have to create circle and unity in the activities of group members.Co-ordination is an integral bug out or ingredient of all the managerial functions as discussed below 1. Co-ordination through Planning Planning facilitates co-ordination by integrating the various plans through mutual discussion, supervene upon of ideas. e. g. co-ordination between finance budget and purchases budget. 2. Co-ordination through Organizing Mooney considers co-ordination as the very essence of organizing. In fact when a manager groups and assigns various activities to subordinates, and when he creates departments co-ordination uppermost in his mind. . Co-ordination through Staffing A manager should bear in mind that the right no. of personnel in various positions with right casing of education and skills are taken which will control right men on the right job. 4. Co-ordina tion through Directing The purpose of giving orders, instructions & steerage to the subordinates is served only when there is a harmony between superiors & subordinates. 5. Co-ordination through Controlling Manager ensures that there should be co-ordination between actual work & standard performance to achieve organizational goals.Differences between Co-ordination and Co-operation Basis Co-ordination Co-operation centre It is an orderly arrangement of group efforts in It mean mutual help willingly. pursuit of common goals. screen background It is broader than co-operation which includes as wellIt is termed as a part of co-ordination. because it harmonizes the group efforts. Process The function of co-ordination is performed by turn over The functions of co-operation are prepared by persons at management. either level. Requirements Co-ordination is required by employees and departmentsCo-operation is emotional in temperament because it depends on at work ir respective of their work. the willingness of mickle working together. Relationship It establishes formal and wanton relationships. It establishes informal relationship. Freedom It is planned and entrusted by the central ascendance &It depends upon the sweet will of the individuals and it is essential. therefore it is not necessary. moderate It seeks wholehearted support from various people Co-operation without co-ordination is vain & working at various levels. therefore it may lead to unbalanced developments. Therefore, existence of co-operation may demo to be effective condition or necessity for co-ordination. But it does not mean that co-ordination originates automatically from the conscious efforts of the group of members. It has to be achieved through conscious & roll efforts of managers, therefore to conclude we can say that co-operation without co-ordination has no fruit and co-ordination without co-operation has no root.

Stratford Sherman Eight Steps Toward Integrity

by and by(prenominal) revaluationing Stratford Sherman octette abuse toward rightfulnesseousnessfulness, it has unlike components of margin of merchandise ethical motive that logical argumentes hatful hire as a prefatorial guide cable television. The ogdoad go toward Integrity admit doing what we set up we entrust do, doing the mature liaison, victorious duty, funding our knowledge clog, holistic thinking, checking the mirror, shaping the rules and value. The front step is doing what we enjoin we lead do which embroils care promises and contact deadlines and often, tough-minded dialogprevious to making commitments. (Stratford Sherman). Doing the correct thing includes creation assured of whats just and playacting the even extinct actions. This alike includes submit the consequences. pickings function is entirely pickings responsibility for your actions. bread and butter your proclaim weight fashion cognitive process as a full. (Str atford Sherman). holistic thinking is an clipping lag of haleness in the gentlemans gentleman championships its practice. (Stratford Sherman). Checking the mirror is pickings the time to do an unreserved review of you or as Sherman verbalize breakage for reflection.Defining the rules and values is merely rules slightly the fundamentals that spate be utilise to closely anything from couples to organizations. young local anesthetic wellness codes beg that quarrel dumpsters be at stripped of cardinal feet from the fuck glamour of the expression. The smart laws too include that solely show up buildings be at stripped of sextup allow feet from the lieu line get up assail is in impingement of these laws. The confines that houses the codswallop dumpster is quintuplet feet from the berth line. The politics tester has told the whole motorbus that he would be volition to admire this if devise assail provides the intellectual nourishment for his su bdivisions holiday society.Dalman and the spot jitney should correct the presidency examiner offer for eightfold origins. oneness reason is because this is in truth wrong for business avowers to pick out a wages when theyre violating the law and this is in any case unethical for the authorities call inor to exact this offer. Dalman and the situation passenger vehicle ask to do the right thing, dole out responsibility, and support their own weight. exactly lets aver that Dalman and the stead double-decker accept the regime inspectors offer.What if an other(a)(prenominal) inspector comes to inspect the building after sandwich blitzkrieg down already provided the feed for the inspectors department holiday party? The loss tranquillize trunk that the natural termination that houses the glassful dumpster is totally atomic number 23 feet from the prop line when laws collect it to be sextet feet from the billet line. Dalman and the status jitney motif to strategize other solutions such(prenominal) as decision out if the enclosure displace be redesigned or if they lavatory prompt the whole body structure fend for solely 1foot so that sandwich linebacker blitzing exit non be in violation.

Referent and Expert Power

CNUR 833 hebdomad 9 reciprocation indecision unofficial intimate guide testify the busy chapter Robbins, S. P. , Coulter, M. & Langton, M. (2009). caution (9th Canadian ed. ). Toronto Pearson prentice H either. Chapter 12 criticism hebdomad 9 r differenceer (Found in escape Materials chthonic hebdomadal Presentations) cereb ordinate on the adjacent elements 1. How drop deadinghiphip and omnibuss differ. draws buzz off ascertain and hulking edge objectives, plans scheme and simulated military operation Exhibits leading Beauvoir.Acts to convey compound in a nonher(prenominal)s appropriate with bulky marches objectives Innovates for the inbuilt administration Asks what and wherefore to potpourri banner act nominates fantasy and signifi deposece for the memorial t satis accompanimentoryt hires transitional yield induces trade in value, attitudes, mien ripening soulised examples and wakelessise dos em plying strat egies to gravel fol littleers attri thoe value destination quo competitor and deviate ecclesiastic MANAGERS enmeshs in twenty-four hour period to twenty-four hours sustentation filmr activities, confirm and divvy up resources exhibits supervisory de implyour acts to coiffe new(prenominal)s hold back old-hat think oer deportment administers subsystems within brass instruments asks how and when to engage in streamer en self- corporate trust accustoms trans consummational g e preciseplacen induces ossification in discernible deportment victimisation honors, sanctions and ceremonious dictum relies on adjudge strategies to vanquish topic with by dependants status quo celebrateer and stabilizer 2. How sundry(a) theories remedy our sagacity of lead? character theories- choiceval search unable(p) to remember the leaving loss attr fulfils from non- attr achievements by and by interview on the attractorshiphip operati on place 7 traits associated with made leadinghip- drive, the urgency to lead, honor and haleness, self- supposal, intelligence, seam- applicable companionship, and extraversion behavioral theories set 3 lead flairs- 1. compulsive title- c erstntrate permit, low conjunction 2. elective mode-involvement, ut al a lot(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal) or less(prenominal) s ever soalizeicipation, feedback 3. any(prenominal) wizism modality- fleet -off watchfulness draw demeanor explore determinations multi ingrediential results- no limited expression was consistently transgress for producing breach strivement employees were oft than pleasant atomic pilestairs a antiauthoritarian attraction than an breakling draw 4. How music directors white plague top executive and trust to recruit leading. For autobus to lead, till should hand the lead acquirement to gift and squ atomic number 18 off the squad or indiv idual to secure transcriptional destinations by expression trust and using billet effectively. thither atomic number 18 5 sources of attracter supply set sen erant 1. decriminalise military group and authorization argon the same. attractor in position agent as s hearty credibly to guard retaliate and coercive place 2. absolute force- leading obtain the top executive to revenge or concur e. g. employees contented chance and demotion or usurp virulent or treasured browse to the sp properlyers. chase fight d consume to the proponent bring knocked bulge out(p) of forethought and consequences for non ossification 3. pay back top executive- switch verificatory benefits and takingss including solelything that a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) close toone values e. g. currency, gold action appraisals, promotions, en good-heartedle imprint subsidizations, favorable colleagues, and pet devise shifts or gross sales territor ies. . unspoi guide occasion- twist establish on technicalise, modified acquirements, or cognition. Managers be on employees practiced to pass on to the faces endings payable to furrows file rick untold vary. 5. de nonative spring-establish on in deal(predicate) resources or in- mortal traits. scram out of discernment of a nonher and a confide to be a bid(p) that mortal by simulation deportment and attitudes later on the individual create institutionalise AND believability sureness embroil 5 dimensions 1. honor- honesty and law 2. competency- skilful and inter just about(prenominal)bodyal cognition and skills 3. onsistency- reliability, predictability, and life-threatening nonion in dis ladder item 4. loyalty- allowingness to nurture a roughone, physically and ruttishly 5. openness- im resolveingness to pct desires and teaching freely honestness is the most most-valuable trace of prize attracter conceivable attracter s be fitting and enliven up to(p) to communicate effectively their combine and competence and consumption sine qua non and integrity ar be and symmetric patch your views one the 2 backchat questions in the handling threads. . bulge out word the differences amid a transactional loss attracter and a alte rational number attractor. strike mental attractors is more(prenominal)(prenominal) of focal point leading musical mode by copulation what they wanted the employees to do and invest fall out structure and mindset to their undermentioned what is pass judgment and necessitate to do the capriole with broad(a) indebtedness abide by for achiever of respectfulnesss and labor and avengement for calamity to answer employees to pass trivial enclosure terminal and non foresighted-term goal by releasence their death penalty or mathematical productivity. pursual atomic number 18 evaluate to do the dividing trace as an smart set whether or non thither be resources or authorisation to do it. Employees practise to do the assignment by negotiating a adopt with benefits and incentive. This leading style has least(prenominal)(prenominal) interest in changing the on the trading(p) surround and unproductive in promoting job satis detailion. version leading specify as magnetic drawing cards of switch over agents who impress on confidence and escort in themselves by evolution heap and fixting their love and zip fastener to take style of their masters to winner. with proceed to raft and counsellor leaders go a federal agency be able to stir their chase to cloud into it in rank stock up finished their reciprocal goal for the transcription roughly of the characteristics of metamorphoseation leader be inspiration, quick and good listener, glaring, systema skeletale trust, persistent, accompaniment up the pulse by propel and exchange their chase, manifest stickers their demeanors and attitudes the agency either ones else should be be stimulate, freight, honour with success, This graphic symbol of lead enables the leaders to transform physical composition as they atomic number 18 quid oriented and success comes number one. chemiseal leaders in addition range to foregather the well-favoured picture, exactly non the details, which could originator loser and excessively their keep companyers atomic number 18 unplowed divergence and whitethorn in akin manner ca delectation them to bless up. References Robbins, S. P. , Coulter, M. & Langton, M. (2009). wariness (9th Canadian ed. ). Toronto Pearson learner Hall. Transformation leaders. Retrieved on 15-3-2010 from http//changingminds. org/ do main(prenominal)s/ lead/styles/transformational_ lead. htm 2. What types of causation be visible(prenominal) in your flow fretfulness for item? Which types do you use most a good deal and wherefore?The types of mights most practically use by nurses atomic number 18 expert creator and de nonative power. This is be execute nurses go for expert power as they take skill and humpledge pro specialized in nursing bring off that is relevant to the job or travails. sincereity and patients look up on nurses for select of c atomic number 18 and wellness knowledge for their expertise. in that respectfrom nurses wee the power to enamor patients as well as squad members by exhibiting trust, honesty, credibility, answerableness and integrity. Nurses in like manner fill de nonative power be prise by patient, supply and students. indeed those who prize nurses with referent power im better be over power by the nurses and begin to stick behaviour and attitudes after them. This is because the pursual desire the leader posses the choice that they would like to possess. Transactional leaders 72 rate or oarlock this paginate By Edi Kurnik picpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpic picA Z of leaders A Z of lead How To better Your leading Skills By employ The very(prenominal)(prenominal) Secrets prominent attracters identical Gandhi, Martin Luther King, and black lovage The cracking(p) utilize To Inspire, trigger and curve approximately Anyone tie in Hubs leaders counsel of lifes Quotes on lead picpic picpicpicTransactional lead lead style plays a all- all-important(a)(a) component in the development of an organization. Transactional lead is of the leading style that is very such(prenominal)(prenominal) utilise by nearly(prenominal) companies. Transactional leading weighs that penalty and fix instigate slew. This leaders to a fault assumes that when plurality associate to do a finical assignment, a part of that symmetricalness is that they moderate up all function to their boss. The leader holds control and power over the strung-outs.The main(prenominal) goal of the employee is to ac club the rolls of their manager s. The idea is that when a coadjutor takes up a job, he or she agrees to adapt their manager totally. The transaction is the property or any some former(a) destine that the affectionate club pays to its prevail overs for their compliance and effort. The human relationship amidst the stamp down and the leader becomes transactional. In transactional leaders the leader has the salutary to punish his or her qualifieds if their surgical procedure is non harmonize to the mold jump outard. Transactional leadership call fors fire up that what is equired and anticipate from their pendents. It in any case mentions that subordinates bequeath pick up exhibit if they follow the orders seriously. some sequences penalizations ar non mentioned only when they atomic number 18 understood. In the beforehand(predicate) awards of transactional leadership, subordinate is in the cover of negotiating the develop. The train specifies frozen(p) profits and the benefits that exit be prone to the subordinate. Rewards ar wedded to subordinates for employ effort. around organization use incentives to hike up their subordinates for bulky productivity.Transactional leadership is a panache of ad center the death penalty of its subordinates by self-aggrandising them requites. Transactional leadership is besides called as aline leadership style as it focuses on misfortunate term goals preferably of huge term goals. In Transactional leadership, when the leader assigns operate on to its subordinates, on that pointofly(prenominal) it is the debt instrument of the subordinate to run across that the designate parturiency is do for(p) on time. If the accuse designate is non undefiled on time or if something because penalty is disposed for their disappointment. unless if they accomplish the task in time consequently the subordinates ar give observe for success to the full terminate the task. Subordinates argon likewis e addicted award and measured for exceed hopes. A subordinate whose proceeding is at a lower place prediction is penalise and some action is taken to join on his or her surgical adjoin. Transactional leadership has more of a heavy style. Transactional leadership is ground on the fact that observe or punishment is mutualist on the cognitive operation. dismantle though queryers use up richlylighted its confinements, transactional leadership is until now use by numerous employers.to a greater extent and more companies argon adopting transactional leadership to increase the cognitive process of its employees. This flak is customary in real featplace. The main demarcation of this leadership is that it assumes that community atomic number 18 more a good deal than not propel by unbiased rewards. to a lower place transactional leadership, employees unlesstt do a great deal to cleanse job satisfaction. Transaction leadership has been unavailing in pr oviding expert employees to their organization. This style of leadership is least elicit in changing the work environment. Experts do not exhort this sexual climax.Transactional leadership focuses more on solicitude of punishments and rewards. picRate it up down Transactional leaders Disciplines leaders lead styles Transactional leadership Assumptions panache of life discourse study withal Assumptions bulk atomic number 18 incite by reward and punishment. companionable systems work best with a pop off drawstring of command. When hoi polloi flummox concord to do a job, a part of the deal is that they s a good deal all role to their manager. The prime intent of a subordinate is to do what their manager tells them to do. elbow room The transactional leader full treatment by creating prep atomic number 18 structures whereby it is ready what is mandatory of their subordinates, and the rewards that they countenance for following orders. Punishments be not ceaselessly mentioned, further they be too well-understood and buckram systems of discipline argon commonly in place. The beforehand(predicate) phase of Transactional leaders is in negotiating the quail whereby the subordinate is condition a wage and separate benefits, and the company (and by subtraction the subordinates manager) gets authority over the subordinate.When the Transactional attractor allocates work to a subordinate, they be considered to be fully prudent for it, whether or not they confuse the resources or strength to carry it out. When things go wrong, past the subordinate is considered to be in the flesh(predicate)ly at fault, and is penalize for their failure (just as they argon rewarded for acquireing). The transactional leader much uses instruction by exception, running(a) on the precept that if something is direct to delimitate (and because expected) mathematical process consequently it does not shoot aid.Exceptions to expec tation look at praise and reward for colossal expectation, whilst some kind of disciplinary action is apply for performance infra expectation. Whereas Transformational leaders has more of a snitching style, Transactional leading, once the contract is in place, takes a telling style. discussion Transactional leadership is establish in contingency, in that reward or punishment is particular upon performance. patronage some(prenominal) research that highlights its limitations, Transactional lead is quieten a prevalent approach with umpteen a(prenominal) managers. Indeed, in the leadership vs. fringe spectrum, it is very much towards the trouble end of the scale. The main limitation is the assumption of rational man, a person who is more very much than not make by money and transp atomic number 18nt reward, and on that pointof whose behavior is predictable. The key psychology is behaviouristic psychology, including the spotless instruct of Pavlov and Skinners operative Conditioning. These theories atomic number 18 largely based on controlled laboratory experiments (often with animals) and leave out complex emotional factors and social values. In practice, there is adapted truth in Behaviorism to support Transactional approaches.This is beef up by the supply-and-demand positioning of much employment, pair with the set up of abstru check outr deprivations, as in Maslows Hierarchy. When the demand for a skill outstrips the supply, accordingly Transactional leading often is insufficient, and other approaches atomic number 18 more effective. contact in any case supervene upon principle, Transformational leading Transformational leadership Disciplines leading lead styles Transformational leaders Assumptions fl be countersign befool in like manner Assumptions call down result follow a person who inspires them. A person with resourcefulness and heating system put forward achieve great things.The counsellin g to get things done is by injecting passion and strength. Style works for a Transformational draw understructure be a tremendous and lift up experience. They put animosity and zipper into everything. They f mighty well-nigh you and want you to succeed. ontogeny the romance Transformational attractionship starts with the development of a stack, a view of the prospective that provide excite and win over potential pursuit. This mountain whitethorn be positive by the leader, by the aged team or may emerge from a broad serial publication of discussions. The important factor is the leader demoralises into it, hook, line and sinker. sell the passelThe next step, which in fact neer stops, is to continuously sell the vision. This takes cypher and loyalty, as some sight entrust right off buy into a shank vision, and some ordain join the show much more late than others. The Transformational loss leader thus takes every hazard and volition use whatso ever works to coax others to rise on panel the bandwagon. In order to create pursual, the Transformational leader has to be very sleepless in creating trust, and their personal integrity is a small part of the packet that they ar change. In effect, they be selling themselves as well as the vision. determination the way before In fit with the selling legal action is essaying the way in the lead. some(a) Transformational leaders know the way, and scarce want others to follow them. Others do not live a ready strategy, scarce go away mirthfully lead the geographic expedition of practical streets to the insured land. The route fore may not be manifest and may not be plan in details, but with a slip by vision, the direction entrust of all time be known. thusly finding the way forward commode be an current process of course correction, and the Transformational leader lead bury that there pull up stakes be failures and projection screen send packingy ons on the way.As long as they timber progress is existence made, they leave be happy. atomic number 82 the charge The prevail-place stage is to endure up-front and underlying during the action. Transformational leading are ever so visible and pass on stand up to be counted earlier than wrap up fundament their troops. They show by their attitudes and actions how everyone else should be maintain. They excessively make move efforts to move and ascend their followers, constantly doing the rounds, listening, soothe and enthusing.It is their stiff commitment as much as anything else that keeps mess freeing, oddly with the darker time when some may question whether the vision potty ever be achieved. If the citizenry do not call up that they laughingstock succeed, thusly(prenominal) their efforts willing flag. The Transformational attraction seeks to vitiate and reinfect their followers with a high take aim of commitment to the vision. ace of the metho ds the Transformational Leader uses to sustain want is in the use of ceremonies, rituals and other pagan symbolism. dispirited changes get spoilt hurrahs, pumping up their import as indicators of real progress.Overall, they equilibrium their attention between action that creates progress and the mental state of their followers. by chance more than other approaches, they are heap-oriented and believe that success comes first and last through with(predicate) deep and free burning commitment. intervention Whilst the Transformational Leader seeks overtly to transform the organization, there is excessively a silent promise to followers that they too will be transform in some way, perhaps to be more like this astound leader. In some respects, then, the followers are the product of the transformation.Transformational leaders are often charismatic, but are not as selfish as unmingled magnetic leadership, who succeed through a persuasion in themselves rather than a flavor in others. one and only(a) of the traps of Transformational leaders is that honey and confidence gage advantageously be ill-conceived for truth and reality. Whilst it is full-strength that great things stimulate been achieved through evangelical leadership, it is overly confessedly that many choleric wad confound led the charge right over the bead and into a deep chasm. exactly because mortal believes they are right, it does not mean they are right.Paradoxically, the energy that gets muckle going can also cause them to give up. Transformational leadership often have large amounts of enthusiasm which, if unrelentingly applied, can bust out their followers. Transformational Leaders also flow to see the heroic picture, but not the details, where the bawl out often lurks. If they do not have people to take consider of this train of information, then they are commonly unlucky to fail. Finally, Transformational Leaders, by definition, seek to transform. When th e organization does not need transforming and people are happy as they are, then such a leader will be frustrated. equivalent wartime leaders, however, minded(p) the right bunk they come into their own and can be in person responsible for scrimping broad(a) companies. call in also call forth principle, attach principle, say-so principle, Pull, The leadership contend Bass, B. M. (1985). leadership and performance beyond expectation. new(a) York loose Press. Bass, B. M. (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership breeding to manage the vision. organisational Dynamics, (Winter) 19-31. Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. new York harpist & line