Hibernation and Torpor Whats The Difference

When we talk about the different methods that animals use to survive the winter, hibernation is often at the top of the list. But in reality, not that many animals truly hibernate. Many enter a lighter state of sleep called torpor. Others utilize a similar strategy called estivation in the summer months. So what is the difference between these survival tactics called hibernation, torpor, and estivation?   Hibernation Hibernation is a voluntary state that an animal enters into in order to conserve energy, survive when food is scarce, and minimize their need to face the elements in the cold winter months.  Think of it as a truly deep sleep. Its a body state  marked by low body temperature, slow breathing and heart rate, and low metabolic rate. It can last for several days, weeks, or months depending upon the species. The state is triggered by day length and hormone changes within the animal that indicate the need to conserve energy. Before entering the hibernation stage, animals generally store fat to help them survive the long winter. They may wake up for brief periods to eat, drink, or defecate during hibernation, but for the most part, hibernators remain in this low-energy state for as long as possible. Arousal from hibernation takes several hours and uses up much of an animals conserved energy reserve. True hibernation was once a term reserved for only a short list of animals such as deer mice, ground squirrels,  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹snakes, bees, woodchucks, and some bats. But today, the term has been redefined to include some animals that really enter a lighter state activity called torpor. Torpor Like hibernation, torpor is a survival tactic used by animals to survive the winter months. It also involves a lower body temperature, breathing rate, heart rate, and  metabolic  rate. But unlike hibernation, torpor  appears to be an involuntary state that an animal enters into as the conditions dictate. Also unlike hibernation, torpor lasts for short periods of time - sometimes just through the night or day depending upon the feeding pattern of the animal. Think of it as hibernation light. During their active period of the day, these animals maintain a normal body temperature and physiological rates. But while they are inactive, they enter into a deeper sleep that allows them to conserve energy and survive the winter. Arousal from torpor takes around one hour and involves violent shaking and muscle contractions. It expends energy, but this energy loss is offset by how much energy is saved in the torpid state. This state is triggered by ambient temperature and the availability of food. Bears, raccoons, and skunks are all light hibernators that use torpor to survive the winter. Estivation Estivation—also called aestivation—is another strategy used by animals to survive extreme temperatures and weather conditions. But unlike hibernation and torpor, which are used to survive shortened days and colder temperatures, estivation is used by some animals to survive the hottest and driest months of summer. Similar to hibernation and torpor, estivation is characterized by a period of inactivity and a lowered metabolic rate. Many animals, both  invertebrates and vertebrates, use this tactic to stay cool and prevent desiccation when the temperatures are high and water levels are low.  Animals that estivate include mollusks, crabs, crocodiles, some salamanders, mosquitos, desert tortoises, the dwarf lemur, and some hedgehogs.

Essay about Mainstreaming of Autistic Children - 1096 Words

Imagine yourself, as a child who has autism and all you want is to be treated like all the other kids in your class. When they get to get into reading groups, you get sent off to the special education instructor so you can work on your social skills. The question comes up almost every day, and that is if autistic children should be segregated, or mainstreamed from public schools. In this paper I am going to go over some of the causes of autism and common symptoms, and then how some these autistic children are being held out of public schools. First off, there are three main stages of autism. The first being from 3-4 years old, which is known as early infantile syndrome. (Rimland pg.69) This will only effect about 10% of all†¦show more content†¦Some of the other most common symptoms of autism are repeated body movement, self-mutilation, and possibly an expressionless face. With many of these symptoms, it is hard for people to decide weather it is right to send the chil d to a public school, or a specialized school. The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) states that public schools must educate children with disabilities along with children who have no disabilities to the maximum extent appropriate.(Dowling-Sendor pg.1) In the statement before, the words maximum extent express Congress strong preference for mainstreaming. The term mainstreaming is used as a means of achieving whatever level of inclusion is felt to be the best for the student and the class. Placement for children with autism involves a combination of educational settings, which is the best learning setting for the student. Mainstreaming is the practice placing students who have been segregated into regular curriculum with student who havent been segregated. (Dorsi pg.1) Some other terms used in place of mainstreaming are full inclusion, and inclusion. Full inclusion is the practice of teaching all children in neighborhood classrooms and schools and assume no seg regation for any purpose. (Dorsi pg.1) Inclusion involves that the student is never segregated forShow MoreRelatedEssay about Should Autisitc Children Be Mainstreamed1349 Words   |  6 PagesThe Argumentative Essay The issue of whether or not children with autistic disorders should be main-streamed, or placed in the same classrooms as non-autistic children, has been a very real concern for quite some time. While the debate is continuous, people often choose to side on a particular position of the argument without correctly evaluating all of the options. Should autistic children be main-streamed in regular classrooms, or should they be placed in self contained environments? Or, possiblyRead MoreMainstreaming Interview1441 Words   |  6 Pages Report of an Interview with a Afterschool Tutor in Mainstreaming School Special Education has gained the attention from Hong Kong government in this decade and the government has been working on how to provide an equal opportunity learning environment for SEN student. However, there is a contention about the efficacy of the policy. For more information from firsthand experiences, an interview with Ms. Ng has been done on 17November2017. Ms. Ng aged at 27 is a part time student of Advanced DiplomaRead MoreLearning Strategies For Children With Autism1610 Words   |  7 Pages Mainstreaming Children with Autism is Not Effective Two four year olds are playing in the block corner of a preschool classroom. One child is lining up his blocks in a row. The second child picks up a block and places it next to the first child’s row of blocks. The first child starts screaming, hits the other child with a block, lies down over all the blocks, and kicks and screams out of control. What is the best strategy to help this child and still maintain fairness and order for all theRead MoreAutism On Children : Autism1066 Words   |  5 PagesBrigett Murrietta Pamela Sulger 27 November 2016 Autism in Children Autism according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary is defined as â€Å"a variable developmental disorder that appears by age three and is characterized by impairment of the ability to form normal social relationships, to commutate with others, and by stereotyped behavior patterns.† Autism was believed to be a psychiatric or emotional illness, and doctors told mothers that they were the cause. They were wrong. The cause for autism is stillRead More Autism in Children Essay example1050 Words   |  5 Pageshowever, the facts remain that autism in children is on the rise. Erin Allday of the San Francisco Chronicle writes, â€Å"Environmental factors play a more important role in causing autism than previously assumed and, surprisingly, an even larger role than genetic.† There are theories based on that vaccines are at least a contributing factor, especially the MMR vaccine (WebMD). Medical diagnosis of autism is identified, on what is referred to as the Autistic Spectrum. A mild form of the condition includeRead MoreMainstreaming Special Needs Children1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe Positive Advantages to Mainstreaming Special Needs Children In an ideal world all children would be born without disabilities. This idea is not possible though and sometimes children are born with special needs. The child could have only one disability or several. A disability can be mild and treated with medication or the disability can be severe and the child will need constant supervision. Once the child becomes of age to attend school, the issue of whether or not to place the child in aRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorders1770 Words   |  8 Pagessocial behaviors and communication. Mainstreaming students with autism has positive benefits for their peers as well. Depending on the severity, students may also benefit academically from inclusion. However, since children with communication and socialization, they may be disruptive or problematic in class. Although it is believed that teachers and students cannot handle the stress of autistic children, inclusion is the best practice for the education of children with Autism Sp ectrum Disorders. Read MoreSpecial Education Inclusion1040 Words   |  5 Pagesconclusion, research, and discussion. Finally, she gives recommendations for inclusion success. When discussing inclusion address three important question: â€Å"Do we value all students equally?, What do we mean by ‘inclusion’?, and Are there some children for whom ‘inclusion’ is inappropriate?† The wide range of answers to these questions makes inclusion so debatable. This range places advocates for and against inclusion on a wide spectrum of believe. James Kauffman, University of VirginiaRead MoreAutism And Peer Mediated Interventions1743 Words   |  7 PagesAutism and Peer-Mediated Interventions Often children with autistic spectrum disorder are omitted from mainstream classrooms or have limited interactions with their typical learning school mates possibly due to the extra time and energy it takes teachers to manage the anti-social behaviors often associated with the disorder. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often identified by the impairment of the ability to form normal social relationships, by the impairment of the capability to communicate withRead MoreSpecial Education And The Benefits Of Technology1639 Words   |  7 PagesSpecial Education and the Benefits of Technology in the Classroom Special Education is a type of instruction designed to help disabled and gifted children use their full learning abilities. Many special needs children work in regular classrooms for most of the school day. These students also work with specially trained teachers for part of each school day. These teachers work with helping them to overcome their disabilities. These sessions are usually held in a classroom called a resource room

Explore the Role of Religion in Dystopian Fiction with...

â€Å"Religion plays a key role in dystopian fiction.† With reference to The Children of Men and Brave New World, how far do you agree with this statement? Sixty years separate the publication of the dystopias The Children of Men and Brave New World, but both authors express their depictions of a future world in which religion is drastically changed, and not for the better. Religion and spirituality serve a number of purposes in the two novels, most notably to illustrate the difference between our society and their dystopian society, and also to show the importance of faith in overcoming the difficulties which human beings face. The plot of The Children of Men centres around the struggle of a dissident group to help one of their number give†¦show more content†¦Given that the aim of a dystopia is to provide a nightmare scenario for the readers, religion is one of the aspects which a civilized society holds most dear and is therefore an aspect that the authors would obviously choose to corrupt in order to create a more shocking presentation. Religion also plays an important function in allowing the authors to comment on society and faith’s role in it. For example, both authors seem to be suggesting that our religion is only compatible in society as we know it, that is to say that it is not compatible with other situations. In The Children of Men a major disruption to the working of society, mass infertility, has led to a total destruction of the Christian faith. In Brave New World, an unstoppable surge of machinery and technology has led to the disregard of religious moral and the introduction of a new set of hedonist attitudes, both scenarios being deplored by the reader. This could also be seen as the authors’ asserting that a civilized society desperately needs stable religion and morals, given that the utter breakdown in The Children of Men is arguably as shocking as the superficial worship of machinery and pleasure in Brave New World. Both novels contain very subtle religious references too, including two figures that could be compared to Christ-like characters. This is more obvious in The Children of Men

The Foundations Of Modernist Approaches - 2154 Words

CIAM and the foundations of modernist approaches to urbanism In 1928 the Congrà ¨s International d Architecture Moderne (CIAM) was formed in order to unify and define certain manifestos of how modernism would be translated to architecture, urbanism, and habitat. CIAM sought to organize the ideas of modern architecture and formalize these thoughts to shape political, economic, and ecological theories. A series of conferences was held with leading architects, theorists, and planners to create and define a certain aesthetic and philosophy for architectural and urbanistic ideals. The first three conferences were held from 1928-30 and were engaged with topics ranging from an introduction to CIAM, land development, and dwelling. Much of the discussion was about architectural topics and principles and it was not until the fourth conference when the foray into urban planning began. The figurehead and leader of the CIAM conferences was Le Corbusier, who before the conferences had begun to delve into using tenents of modernism to create a better urban living condition, or habitat. Early approaches to urbanism: Ville Contemporaine Ville Radieuse Before CIAM IV, Le Corbusier had already experimented with different typologies and designs in order to better define the city. Two of his projects that sought to change the fundamental nature of street and building type were his Ville Radieuse and the Ville Contemporaine. Both projects rejected the notion of the street being the publicShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Industrialisation, The Modern State And Ethnicity1627 Words   |  7 Pagesexamining the role of industrialisation, the modern state and ethnicity in nation-building. Some of the approaches outlined will be illustrated through the real world cases of Britain and the Kurds. In the study of nationalism, one of the major schools of thought is the Modernist one, represented by scholars such as Michael Mann, John Breuilly and of course Ernest Gellner. As their name suggests, modernists adamantly claim that nationalism is something that is entirely a feature of modern society. MoreRead MoreMarxism, Feminism And The Works Of Max Weber1584 Words   |  7 Pagesnumber of reasons why women are disadvantaged by their biology, such as childbirth and breastfeeding. Dependence on men has produced unequal power relationships and therefore inequality for women. According to Firestone the sexual class system is the foundation for all types of inequality. Due to the fact that because a woman’s biology makes her dependent on men, men have had power of women, this in turn leads to men seeking power over other men. The theory of a woman’s biology being a hindrance to herRead MoreThe Similarities Between Classical and Modern Liberalism Are Greater Than the Differences1725 Words   |  7 Pagesindustrialisation continued within the UK. Although both divisions of Liberalism unavoidably overlap in attitudes and approaches regarding the theory behind the ideology, I believe, fundamentally, that clear tensions between these aspects of Liberalism are more evident when analysing this ideology. Some will say that both classical and modern liberalists possess a number of parallel approaches towards this political theory and its key concepts. Firstly, both strands of Liberalism believe in the necessityRead MoreThe Inequality Of Class Stratification950 Words   |  4 Pages1. Are we really equal? â€Å"Man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains† (Rousseau, 1994, p.45.). This report will develop from the foundation of Rousseau, exploring the notion that all humans are understood as equal, yet disparities across society are widespread. I will assert that class stratification is manifested within the micro-level sociology of education. It will demonstrate that class inequalities are maintained and reproduced through the means of social, economic and cultural capitalRead MoreSimilarities Between Classical and Modern Liberals Are Greater Than the Differences. Discuss1729 Words   |  7 Pagesindustrialisation continued within the UK. Although both divisions of Liberalism unavoidably overlap in attitudes and approaches regarding the theory behind the ideology, I believe, fundamentally, that clear tensions between these aspects of Liberalism are more evident when analysing this ideology. Some will say that both classical and modern liberalists possess a number of parallel approaches towards this political theory and its key concepts. Firstly, both strands of Liberalism believe in the necessityRead MoreCompare and Contrast Buchanan and Monderman’s Approaches to the Production of Social Order in Public Spaces.1488 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast Buchanan and Monderman’s approaches to the production of social order in public spaces. Public spaces are places which we have to share with others and where apply shared sets of values or expectations about how people should behave. Social order is very important in social life. Order is part of the way people practice their social existence. It is about how individuals fit together with others and with things around them. Ordering is all the time practised by people andRead MorePolitical Art Essay1400 Words   |  6 PagesTraditional artists use to focus on the material practice, but postmodernism changed that as they focused on the concept and ideas. It is the idea that has come to dominate the form of much art and this has generated a pluralist where there are many approaches reflecting different issues. In a sense, all works of art perform a social function, since they are created for an audience. Artists who embrace their role as a social commentator are Francisco Goya, Pablo Picasso, Otto Dix and Gordon Bennett. Read MoreThe Industrial Era Essay1564 Words    |  7 Pagesbooks appear to take an additional present administration method, directing on the lengthy period, people and the capability allow to run free their abilities (Robert, 2010). The main focus of this paper is to understand the classical and modern approaches in terms of workplace which will be illustrated with the help of real business examples. CLASSICAL APPROACH Classical theory approach deals with formal organisation and their main emphasis is to increase management effectiveness and efficienciesRead MoreThe Classical/Modernist Approach Was Appropriate to the Time in Which It Was Developed but It Is No Longer Suitable to the Needs of Contemporary Organisations and Change2435 Words   |  10 PagesThe Classical/Modernist approach was appropriate to the time in which it was developed but it is no longer suitable to the needs of contemporary organisations and change Introduction The aim of this paper is to understand if the classical and modernist approach has a place within modern organisations. First, an understanding of both approaches will be carried out, identifying key ideologies and theories these approaches may contain. Then, a discussion on the literature surrounding the suitabilityRead MoreOrganizational Studies And Management Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pagesarticles and books seem to take an additional modern management method, focusing on the lengthy period, human beings and the capability to unleash their abilities (Mullins, 2007). The main focus of this paper is to understand the classical and modern approaches in terms of workplace which will be illustrated with the help of real business examples. CLASSICAL APPROACH Classical theory approach deals with formal organisation and their main emphasis is to increase management effectiveness and efficiencies

Big vs Small Colleges Free Essays

Big vs. Small colleges For the prospective student, size can be a major factor in choosing the precise college. The size of a college not only suggests a greater student population, it can also affect the learning style and environment of the college. We will write a custom essay sample on Big vs Small Colleges or any similar topic only for you Order Now In picking a college, one must consider the kind of environment each college size offers, and if that type of setting is right for him or her. Your own personality and academic goals play a crucial role in choosing a college. Small and big colleges are diverse in that each has its own benefits and drawbacks with their expenses, facilities, and campus life. Smaller universities, such as community colleges for the most part are cost effective for the financially struggling college students; on the other hand, small private universities are much more expensive. Financial aid usually covers the majority of expenses at the community college level, leaving the student more time to focus on their studies and less time worrying about tuition. However in most cases these campuses may not offer on-campus housing. Paying rent, food and car expenses may be more costly than paying for room and board at a large college level, leaving the student to fend for themselves or forcing them to choose a college close to home. Smaller colleges offer fewer courses and academic programs, whereas large universities have multiple degree programs. Community colleges offer two-year associates degree programs, but not much beyond that. Smaller colleges have fewer and smaller libraries, professors, school staff, and class sizes. Bigger college campuses have larger classes, which many times employ famous professors who have written books, or become celebrated in academic circles, unfortunately they lecture to hundreds of students at a time, so the one-on-one relationship with the student and professor does not develop like they do at smaller campuses. Smaller classes are designed for more student- teacher interaction, which benefits the student, thus creating more opportunity for the student to expand their knowledge. Another plus for attending a small college is the advisors know the students very well. It is almost impossible to make an appointment for your advisor at a major university. They see a hundreds of students a day and it would be impossible to remember all of their students, much less who may be in one of their classes. Also, there is a greater sense of community at a smaller school. The student is not just a number on an ID card; here the student is a person with a face and a name. The larger the campus is, the more student culture there is. More parties, more university events, and more athletic choices are available. Small schools may not have the funding available for extracurricular activities for students, leaving a large part of the college experience missed for these students. One of the major advantages of going to a large university is their athletic programs. If you are a sports fan, or an athlete, then attending larger school might factor into your decision. Televised games, pep rallies, homecoming parades, and rivalries are all part of the student culture at large university. Both college programs have their own benefits and drawbacks, each ensuring a unique college experience to the student. The major factors the student must take into consideration are their expenses, the college facilities, and campus life when selecting a college. The student ultimately must weigh their goals while making this decision. In the end the student really cannot make an incorrect decision regardless of which college he or she chooses as long as they are choosing to further their education to further their life goals. How to cite Big vs Small Colleges, Essay examples

Low life expectancy free essay sample

Todays world is all about speed. Every single process is studied and programmed to be as quick as possible, with optimal efficiency. We are currently witnessing a fundamental transformation of the society that we can qualify as a robotisation, essentially in the developped countries. That could be beneficial for some countries, in some fields, for some people. But we all should be aware that there are humans that cannot follow this step. In fact, this new process is involving a wider gap between developped countries and the least developped countries concerning life expectancy. Life expectancy is an average number of year given to a person at his birth depending on the country he was born in, and it is a factor defining the health of a country. Diseases, war, famine, death rates in one hand, national economic prosperity, standard education and performant healthcare in the other hand, there are many factors affecting the life expectancy in each country, making it better or worse. People tend to have. a longer. life in western countries like Israel where the average expectancy life is 81 years old, instead of Zimbabwe, where the average expectancy life is 52 years old (CIA, 2012). This essay will assess two solutions to low life expectancy in the developping world. First, the. promotion and improvement of the health care system and infrastructure, then the development of appropriate education programs to instruct and educate the population of those third world countries. The countries where life expectancy is very low are country where death rates are very high. These death rates are caused by further facts as war, diseases, pandemics and outbreaks so we can notice that healthcare system and infrastructure are very important to maintain the population in a good shape. The difference between evelopped and developping countries concerning this matter has always been the economical issues. Developping countries, in order to improve their situation, must establish plans Wich will structure an efficient government budget, however because of their low or very low GDP, this budget could be extremely tight regarding. healthcare and infrastructures dedicated to that matter. For example in UK, the budget dedicated to healthcare represents eleven percent of the GDP, whereas Angola uses only 2% of public expenditure (WHO,2005). Due to such a low budget dedicated to Healthcare, developping countries are not able to provide efficient reatments and qualified medical staff to their citizens. The only solution to that issue for developping coutries is to increase their health care budget and place the ministry of health upper in their priorities. Increasing the tax rates on high income people would raise the budget and slightly rise the budget by 2% in the Gross Domestic Product. Government should aso work on the drug prices and user fees to make it more affordable , and control the parallel market to prevent fiscal losses. A reasonnable and efficient use ot ressources should imply an equilibrium in the third world economies and make them refill their budget. That would make the coutry eligible for a financial help from the world bank, the african development Bank or the IMF. Construction of new hospitals and purchases of drugs would then be possible perspectives. Moreover, the governments should focus on supportive private health care and introduction ofa health insurance that would help people keep their money and still get efficient treatments. Improving healthcare all over the world and especially in the developping coutries is actually one of the most relevant issues of the 21 rst century. The second part of the essay focuses on the educational kind of treatment that eople in the developping coutries should get in order to educate them to the new technologies that they will be facing, the new facilities that tey will be using. Education will also allow the medical staff to supply the knowledge and services that people are expecting. On top of that, education will improve peoples situation, working in better places and not being in contact with diseases and bacterias. They will earn more money and that is improving the situation of the country as well, by increasing the GDP. We can say that ducation is at the begining of the chain that will bring a country to prosperity. In order to improve the medical treatments quality, the ministry of education should organize training programs and. seminars for the. medical body (WHO, 2000). In a close collaboration with the ministry of Health and some associations, the Ministry of education should promote hygenie among primary schools, high schools, universities and other educational institutions through presentations, or conferences with medical bodies or even advertisement. The local associations should be also supported and prevention should happen mor often. Give soap a chance! (wash hands, 2012) is a slogan used by NHS in the I-JK, a world eading country in terms of health. Awareness of young people associated with scientific knowledge and prevention actions would be a great sanitary improve and could lead toa rie in the life expectancy rise. According to the previous sayings, we can say that life expectancy could be well improved by working on how to manage the budget to improve the sanitary system, and improving the educational system that will in a way rise the awareness of people concerning health care and science. Even if we focused on two aspects of low life expectancy solutions, we should mention that famine, war and natural disasters are lso issues that governments should work on. http://www.afro.who.int/en/clusters-a-programmes.html https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/rankorderguide.html http://www.who.int/whr/2000/media_centre/press_release/en/ http://www.who.int/hac/crises/ago/background/Angola_Dec05.pdf http://www.who.int/topics/health_policy/en/